1700 - Samoa in the 1700s was the most prominent region in Polynesia, and had by then an extensive seafaring history in the South Pacific and the Tui Tonga also had it's expansion of the Central Southern regions. Kings and Matai ran their Districts and Tonga used a traditional Tonga Pe'a (Tatatau). The Tui Tonga oversaw the Tonga islands in conjunction with Western Samoan governing systems (meaning both systems participated in traditional Entitlement). The Tui Manu'a of Eastern Samoa was a figure of holy status.
1706-1707 - The British Nation is founded under the Acts of Union. Scotland and England Unite. The year of 1706 is counted as the official date that starts The British Empire. Many Imperial British historians attempt to push back the start-date at around the early 1600s, yet that was when the Roman Italian Catholics ruled England and the Spanish too were invading England. The Dutch Netherlanders were allied with the Anglo-English to fight off Catholic Spain.
1722 - The Dutch Netherlanders recon for Asia-trade following Catholic, Muslim, and Portuguese sailing routes to Southeast Asia. The tradesman Jacob Roggeveen and crew were the first Euro-landers to see central Polynesia and the sacred islands of Samoa.
1739 - The Spanish Empire begins war with British trade ships in the Caribbean. The British (Scotland and England) begin their overseas journeys as a unified nation fighting the Spanish and French in Sugar-Wars around the Caribbean Islands, with all using Black-African slave labor to grow profitable exported sugar-cane crops. The Sugar-Wars ended with Britain, France, and Spain refocusing efforts in the mainland areas of the Americas. Further regions deep south in South America where native populations were either at the time neutral with Catholics, or weaker defensively around Uruguay, Chile, Peru, and Argentina became more settled.
1747 - British Liverpool overtakes Bristol as Britain's busiest Black African slave trading port in all of Europe. In the mid 1700s, Liverpool Black slave ships made around 49 voyages a year against Bristol's average of 20. The original British Black African slave trade was founded by Charles II of England.
Bristol had overtaken London as the main slave trading port in 1737. British slavers and the owners of Caribbean plantations, along with the Sugar Kings, remained influential in British government and society.
1759 - The Comanche (Native Americans) attack two Euro-Spanish Catholic missions on the San Saba River in central Spanish-Texas. The Spanish were using the Catholic Missions as proxy ports to take over Comanche territory. A Euro-Spanish Imperial force of 600 marched north to the Red River where they engaged the warrior Comanche and other Plains Indians, who were armed with French made rifles.
The Spanish Euro-Imperials were devastatingly defeated and the Spanish retreated all the way south to upper regions of Mexico, where they were stuck, and could not progress northward through Texas. The Spanish Imperials had to detour their focus in western-regions around California.
1760 - The British Empire, as quickly as it began, begins to fall with the American Revolts spreading in the 13 Colonies. Some historians have argued that the loss of the Americas and the first founding of the United States was the true end of European Imperialism - afterwards, Democratic Revolutions began to take root overseas. With the Americas (North and South America - including Canada) having incalculable profit potential, the American regions remained the foremost target of Euro-Imperialism for decades and decades to come. Even in modern times, the Americas (in both North and South America) are investment regions and lobbied for in politics.
1768 - French explorer Louis-Antoine de Bougainville gives the Samoan islands the title of "The Navigator Islands" after encountering skilled Samoan seamen traveling to Fiji, Tonga, and advising to lost European sailors.
1776 - The Northern American Union officially declares itself an Independent Nation. July 4th Celebrating The Declaration of Independence.
1787 - French Expedition of the Le Perouse docked in an Eastern Samoa Bay, and there happened the first "Samoan Affray" with French trade recons, who were competing with Spanish, Dutch, and British. The conflict seemed to have happened over a French sailor attempting to coerce a Samoan woman on board one of the ships. One of the sailors mistook Samoa for South American cultures. At the climax of the fight, the crews of the French Expedition attacked the shore armed with 70 men from the ships Astrolabe and Boussole. The French crew numbers were cut to a quarter, some 20-35 French-men left, retreating to the main ships, the leader ship was left adrift for some time, all the way to Tonga where they picked up water. The French Expedition then from Tonga, sailed to Botany Bay in Australia. Apologies were made later to the French and a memorial was resurrected to the fallen.
1787-1830s - Foreigners were not allowed in the Samoan Islands after the French Expedition. All access suspended until better relations could be made. The foreigners in books called the Samoans "savages", for the brutal way in which the massacre occurred and there were even writers in France saying that a Barbarian race may one day invade, a savage predator who thrived in the open seas.
1779 - An influential Hawaiian House attacks a British Convoy Exhibition and use British Captain Cook's bones as a War trophy for trading and selling several weapons to their enemies. The British Captain's body, who's bones were carved as trophy has never been found, supposedly kept in secret by a noble Hawaiian clan.
1789 - The First French Revolution also called a French Social Revolution begins to topple a corrupt French Monarchy under Louis XVI. A significant win for the Euro commoner along with the founding of the American Union States.
1788 - New South Wales becomes the first Pacific Penal Colony, today known as New South Wales Australia. A Fleet of 11 British ships carrying around 1,500-2,000 people each ship, mostly Irish and Scottish are used for convict labor schemes.
1790s - An internal War begins in Tonga for influence and position within the highest councils. The War is witnessed by author William Charles Mariner, who was kidnapped when escort and ship crew were killed. This era in Tonga that the author William Mariner witnessed is a strong educational reference (being a first hand - eye witness account) to Tonga's relations to Samoa and of that time's politics, where he saw battles for the chance to become a Tui Vava'u (King title). A Tongan warrior name Finau Fagapo (Fangapo) took the englishman Mr. Mariner under his protection and kept the author alive to return home where he published his work "Tonga Islands". He lived in Tonga for over 4 years. Samoa was known in that time as "The Navigator Islands", and is mentioned that way in the book.
1790-1880 - Upon first contacts with Southern and Eastern Polynesia, European foreigners were being captured as slaves taken from Dutch, French, Spanish, and British backgrounds. Although the Europeans of that time period had a recent involvement in an African slave trade, in Polynesia a slave or common was anyone without title recognition, the weaker, or a defeated enemy in battle. During several encounters with eastern Polynesia and many encounters during the first Maori Wars within southern Polynesia (before The Maori New Zealand Wars of 1840), the practices are well documented.
Unlike other Polynesian nations of the times who regularly took heads as trophy or practiced cannibalism during War, Maori and some Eastern Polynesian islands still practiced all three (Head-hunting, Cannibalism, and Slavery). Even though there were plenty of accounts on Polynesian Warfare, little was published on European slaves as a focus study, however slavery of foreigners was never hidden in past journals or historical documentation on first encounters with Maori Trades. A reference today is a book by New Zealand academic Trevor Bentley titled "Pakeha Slaves". The thirst for trade had a thirst for new foreign weaponry behind it.
1790's - The Mokomokai Head-Hunting Trade begins. The practice of head-hunting in Polynesia became mixed with the entertaining idea of "Never before seen Wonders of the World" and an international trade began for the many private and irregular foreign collections. The heads of slaves boiled or steamed (brain and eyes extracted) and treated with shark oil, then dried and tattooed to sell as "Chiefs Heads". However, the heads were never a Chief's head, being that a Chief's head was a valued War trophy to the opposing force, kept in secret cave or hiding place, so Maori sold fake Chief's heads made of slaves including heads of foreigners and then in some cases applied tattoo to the face. Heads were stored of entire tribes and families for the honor of Mana and to buy the newest weapon in Polynesia "The Musket".
1792 - The First French Peoples Republic takes Government office after the French people seized corrupt French Royal prisoner business, prison strong-holds used to enslave and torture it's citizens. (Storming of the Bastille 1789)
1793 - After the First French Revolution and a Republic was founded, the Government trialed King Louis XVI of France who was executed by way of Guillotine (beheading). Royal blood was publically put to death.
1793 - Captain George Vancouver of Imperial Britain supplies materials and political support to the future Kingdom of Hawaii. The Captain also negotiates further terms for future relations and leaves behind the British Union Jack Flag. The new Hawaiian Kingdom flag later becomes based on the British Union Jack Flag as it's founding design.
1795 - Under King Kamehameha the First, the Hawaiian Kingdom is founded through campaigns of War. The regions of Hawaii for the first time becomes a United inter-island group of noble houses and districts. Hawaii from then on becomes another significant figure in South Pacific trade along with Samoa, Tahiti, and Aotearoa New Zealand.
1804-1806 - Lewis and Clark Expedition with Native American Sacagawea. Under direction of President Jefferson, Lewis and Clark charted the west with the help of Sacagawea, a Shoshone Native American.
1800 - The Musket Wars begin in Aotearoa New Zealand of Southern Polynesia. The Wars were between both Major Iwi and sub-Iwi reaching over the entire nation. Different alliances were made with different Maori Iwi (clans) by different foreign European nations. The War title of the "The Musket Wars" is named so for the weaponry worship the Maori had for the Musket, a weapon that was shook with pride and beloved so much it was added in traditional War dance.
1809 - The First Peoples Republic of France is conquered within about 20 years of its founding, defeated by French Commander Napoleon the first, who declares himself King of France and who also attempts to become The Emperor of Europe.
1812 - War of 1812 begins between the American Union and Imperial Britain also known as "The Second War of Independence". The War which was declared by the American Union wished to strengthen the Northern Border where British had posted military.
1814 - Imperial British uses Canada regions as a proxy to attack Washington D.C. - The Capitol of the United States - The White House is burned by the British Crown. On August 24, 1814, after defeating the Americans at the Battle of Bladensburg. A British force led by Major General Robert Ross burned down buildings including the White House (known as the Presidential Mansion).
The War ended in a stand-off because Britain lost support overseas at home. The Imperial French had begun expansion campaigns. French Commander Napoleon at that time was an unpredictable Imperial neighbor, and it took several campaigns from different European and Eurasian nations (Russia) to subdue his forces.
1815 - The Second War of American Union Independence ends.
1815 - King of France Napoleon Bonaparte is defeated at Waterloo, opposed by at least 12 other European and Eurasian nations (Russia) including Britain, The Netherlands, Sweden, and Spain.
1830 - A small expedition of only missionaries George Pratt and Charles Wilson from the London Missionary Society were allowed into Western Samoa and given permission under watchfully eye to preach Christianity. High ranks of Samoa saw the missionaries as good and respectable men. All other foreigners other than missionaries were prohibited still after 1787.
1830 - The Second French Revolution (also called The July Revolution) begins to overthrow King Charles X (cousin of Louis XVII) who was empowered back into Government office by Loyalist French Parties. Charles X was King for only 3 days before The French Palace was invaded.
1830 - The Girls War in Aotearoa New Zealand begins over control over land, human property (owned people) and military and civilian shipping. The War was declared by Maori Women of Nga Puhi against other influential Nga Puhi women. As according to custom, the disputes over Kororareka were settled through Maori battle. Kororareka was to be in planning, a place for new forming New Zealand Government and so political positioning began.
1832 - The Third French Revolution begins after Louis Philippe (Cousin to Charles X) takes the head of state to become King of France. Louis Philippe was installed by French Loyalist Parties many of whom were connected through former financial institution. The French mistake in not taking down the Loyalist parties (those who follow the idea of an absolute Monarch) has been well documented by other Republics in formation.
1831 - The Mokomokai Head-Hunting Trade is banished in Australia Sydney (Australian Ports) where the distribution linked to the Western world, shipping also to European collectors overseas. The Head-Hunting custom was still documented and practiced even after agreements were made with Allied Maori later in 1840 with the signing of The Treaty of Waitangi. Many of the Christian Maori themselves attempted to outlaw the act.
1835 - Hawaiians and foreigners under the Hawaiian Crown begins a lucrative Sugar Trade. The Hawaiian Sugar Trade that created immense wealth led to agreements struck with the Northern and Southern states of America.
1833 - Slavery in British Crown Law is made "illegal", historians say for the reason that they were no longer in control of the slave trade, and competitors were making vast wealth. Their competitors though did not own an Army and Naval force. The new Law targeted Eastern American Colonials and African-shore trades and allowed them to confiscate any land property, including slaves, a legal excuse to literally kill their opposing business. The Crown makes "unregulated slavery" illegal but enacts prison labor laws, creating a new version of slavery and controlling the Free labor through a British Court System and Australia expands even more as a Penal Colony using convict labor. Black Caribbean resistance movements began to mix with the brown Southern Native Americans. The Christian Church moved to support the new law, they become known as "Abolitionists", and even though the new law had ulterior motives it was still a law the church deemed a reasonable cause.
1834 - Williams under the guidance of Samoan teachers (Mala'itai Leauatea Talavou Leota Penetala & Va'aelua Petaia) transcribes texts. The Samoan language for the first time is translated into Eurasian-english letters. The Samoan word "Palagi" is used to describe the new foreigners, meaning - men who talk about Heaven, or missionary men.
1835 - The Declaration of Independence of 1835 is signed in Aotearoa New Zealand on October 28th to Maori under The Confederation of United Tribes, supported by King William IV with Britain to be as a favored nation.
1836 - After The Battle of the Alamo with around 100 Texan Settlers being attacked by Euro-Spanish Imperial Commander Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna with around 1,500 troops, the stories of The Alamo and Davy Crockett created a massive rally of volunteers, including Tejanos American people (Native Mexican and Texas American parentage admixture). The Tejanos American Militia, Sam Houston, and other political leaders engaged and defeated Santa Anna at The Battle of San Jacinto. Sam Houston afterwards became Governor for the American Texas community.
1837 - The Maori Musket Wars end with talks of a Treaty in the making. After regions secured somewhat the areas they claimed under acts of War, further talks were in the making of even stronger Imperial alliances with foreign powers.
1838-1839 - The British Imperials sign an agreement with Western Samoa at Apia (Apia Trade) through the British military on the H.M.S. Conway. Western Samoan Christians around Apia linked through Missionary Society and become the strongest allies to the new foreigners.
1839 - Missionary John Williams mourned in Western Samoa, killed in Melanesia Vanuatu by the islanders while doing his duty of spreading Christianity. John Williams was an English-British Missionary who's intentions were well trusted and who was favored by many Western Samoan Christians and several high Samoan ranks, including Western Samoan King ranks.
1839 - The US. Americans begin trade and docking talks with Eastern Samoa Councils through the Navy and a Commander Wilkes. The American Expedition under Wilkes were surveying the region who found American and other foreign commercial ships already in trade. A conference is held with Eastern Samoan Councils with the British Consul W.C. Cunningham as witness and a Treaty and agreement is made with 16 articles covering protection for vessels, sailors and shore-leave, military wreckage, along with police powers in the harbor (Eastern Samoa needing a Police Chief). Agreements were signed by the US. Americans and Eastern Samoans on November 5th, 1839. Commander John Wilkes attending with John C. Williams, W.C. Cunningham along with 7 High Chiefs. American John C. Williams is nominated by Commander John Wilkes to be appointed an official American Consul and with the signing of the Samoan-American 1839 Treaty agreement he becomes so and takes office.
1840 - Commander Wilkes in Samoa negotiates "Commercial Regulations" because of a murder. However, Wilkes understanding of Samoan Government and customs were not in depth, and even though his achievements in Eastern Samoa were quick and well managed, he again did not understand that laws in Eastern Samoa did not necessarily pertain to areas of Western Samoa. An American Lt. William L Hudson was sent to Western Samoa Upolu island to arrest a Samoan man accused for murder with a number of 70 men. The village that was said to have housed the man accused of murder, was empty (decamped and all belongings gone). According to records the 70 men who were broken up into 3 divisions burned abandoned or vacant huts (estimated at 20-100 empty), but again according to record, there were no Samoans in the area. It is possible the men were lost in Western Samoa, there is note that drinking "A taste of Grog" was involved and so the numbers of damage and even their word that they landed are highly questionable.
1840 - A Treaty of Waitangi will make Kororareka City become the first Capitol City of a new forming Aotearoa New Zealand Government. A new contract of Friendship between 'more specific' Allied Northern Maori and the British Imperials is official.
1841 - The death of Malietoa Vaiinopu of Savaii sparks the beginning of a 30-year title war between two Samoan houses. Campaigns by leading Houses in Samoa were campaigning for the four Pa'pa Titles, which were four King ranks needed to obtain the title of "Tafa'ifa", a High King equivalent which would reign over all Districts. The title of "Malietoa" was one of the four King ranks which needed to be acquired, and War over the rank became active.
1841 - The Comanche Native Americans ruled most of Texas until around 1841, the same tribe who had beaten the Euro-Spanish Imperials in 1759, making them retreat down into Mexico in early battles before The Texas Revolution. Only time and disease had weakened Comanche forces and eventually Governor Sam Houston (In office December 21, 1859 – March 16, 1861) asked for US. National troops to save townships, pleading for support from Native raids and from Spanish Imperial attempts to reenter the Texas region through the southern border. The today city of Houston Texas is named after Governor Sam Houston.
1842 - The British Empire becomes a drug dealing enterprise along with being an arms dealer supporting The Chinese Opium Wars. At first British were only a shipping supplier, opium being rarely used, escalation beginning when it became to be sold as a medicine and proved addicting. Profits grew so great that the Crown showed its support with Royal Navy, siding with other Hong Kong dealers and smugglers.
1845 - The Roman Catholics arrive in Western Samoa to trade and begin peace talks. Some individual relations were made but mostly the Catholics had friends in eastern Polynesia.
1845 - British seal in relations with a high Council in Tonga after it's internal Wars. The Ancient Tui Tonga (Samoan-Tongan decent) is discontinued and an Imperial Tongan Monarch where a birth-right lineage for nobles can hold title begins to establish. The Tongan culture which linked Western Samoa to them, began to be dismantled. Tonga no longer participated in Samoan entitlement.
1845 - The Great Maori Wars begin after "The Girls War" and "The Maori Musket Wars". The Maori Wars, also called The New Zealand Wars, began at first with disputes over what was to be "The First Capitol City of New Zealand" at Kororareka, a region picked during The Treaty of Waitangi and a major reason why Hone Heke and his Iwi signed the Treaty, to be at the forefront of a new Government. As the new Capitol, politics began to include new British Lords, new Police Magistrates, new city Councils, all of which seemed to be slowly fading out Hone Heke's influences, and when the British raised the British Imperial flag at the center of the city, Hone Heke who owned the Capitol itself, struck it down first with several warnings and then without mercy after the new British seemed to want a lesson in Maori War. After Hone Heke and Iwi invaded the tenants upon their land and Capitol, evicting all business and foreign military, winning against his former British allies, the second Capitol city was to be based in Auckland under different Allied Maori leaders such as Tamati Waka Nene.
1846-1848 - Euro-Spanish Imperials use Mexican Catholic missionary ports as a proxy again to try and take back Texas regions, after the Texas Revolution of 1836. The Euro-Spanish are defeated by the Americans and individual Texas Militia, Texas remained with the States. This War has been at times blamed on Mexicans vs The American Union, but it was the Euro-Spanish who was led by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, the same man who had attacked and escaped The Great Alamo (Classic American films have been of The Battle of the Alamo and Davy Crockett). In 1846 at The Battle of Buena Vista, General Santa Anna was defeated.
1847 - George Pritchard becomes ranked in Western Samoa by Apia, as British Consul, a respected London Missionary Society leader who was welcomed by both eastern Polynesian Royalty and Western Samoan King ranks.
1848 - French King Louise Philippe is overthrown by The Third French Revolution. The second Peoples Republic of France takes Government office.
1848 - Western Samoan title war "Taumua Fa War" at Vaimoso & Tufulele. (Between Samoan Houses)
1849 - The first British business is allowed in Apia Western Samoa. The London Missionary Society succeeds in making more friends with influential houses in Western Samoa.
1850 - Apia in Western Samoa further establishes itself as a small trade region with the British. Mostly for shipping resupply towards other further destinations either towards East Asia, Australia, or New Zealand.
1851 - The second Capitol of New Zealand, in Auckland, is invaded by a Maori Ngati Poao alliance of the Gulf regions. After the first Capitol city of New Zealand had fallen in Kororareka, due to greed and a lack of communication between the founding parties, another major problem began in Auckland where British police Magistrates began abusing their authority and even arrested a High Chief.
Auckland was invaded on the shores by over 1,500 Maori forcing further agreements and arrangements to control lowly ranking policemen. The police Magistrate problems which had started the political chaos was handled by Maori authorities and other Auckland administrations.
1853 - A northern American Union commercial agent based in Eastern Samoa is appointed.
1855 - The Germans arrive to trade and establish business with the Western Samoans, looking for influential Samoan partners not allied to British or the Americans (Sons of Hamburg and J.C. Godeffroy).
1855 - The Third Plague (The Third wave of Bubonic Plague) begins in Great Britain and spreads to every major trading and commercial settlement and allied foreign Port, infecting other European neighbors. The origins of the plague are disputed, however conditions during the The Great Stink documented by British writers themselves including writers Michael Faraday and Charles Dickens, along with a great many News and Medical reports maintains that the Thames River was fatally polluted with sewage. Lack of an adequate city sewer system meant that the drinking water and the sewage water were one and the same, causing a Cholera epidemic and birth defects. The First and Second Plagues were from the same causes. A pumping station was later installed which only pushed the filth towards Kent regions and the Isle of Sheppy.
1856 - Western Samoan houses begin trade with Germany. Commercial alliances commence with August Unshelm who was sent to set-up a business for JC Godeffroy & Sohn.
1857 - The Australian Methodists arrive in Western Samoa and form some individual relations. Australia though had significant internal problems and relations with neighboring nations never amounted to a solid foundation.
1860 - Malietoa Moli died. Theodore Weber was ranked in Western Samoa as a German Consul, and commences to build his reputation as an international tradesman.
1861 - The Northern American Union States vs Confederate Union (American Civil War begins).The American Union carves out a new vision of The United States and the Southern Confederate States declare themselves separate. The Southern States form their own Government and create the Confederate Army who began to buy arms and trade supplies from Imperial Britain. Also Britain provided Navy shipping support.
1865 - The Northern American Union States narrowly survive with a win and attempt to expand "The United States of America" - The Confederate Unions are incorporated into the Northern American Union States. The President Lincoln is then assassinated by Wilkes Booth, a man who favored the Confederate Union. The goal of the attack was to revive or prolong the Civil War, but even the Confederate Generals called it a cowardly act and some high ranking southern leaders were very angry that a leader and statesman like Lincoln was dishonorably killed in that fashion (an act of a lowly man of birth standing to shoot another in the back). Andrew Johnson who was Vice-President became US. President.
1865 - Decades of brutal Wars in New Zealand resulted in the Maori Wars having a southern Maori King region, and an independent Northern Region with Allied Maori and New Zealand Colonials. The Maori Wars also resulted in a great loss of supply and expenses and the British Imperials kept political relations, but the governing body became the NZ Colonials and the Allied Maori. Majority of British military withdraw towards parts of Australia with support ships staying in some Pacific locations. The Maori King regions remained well intact and governed in their own areas. Sir George Grey signed a proclamation in 1865 that absolute War with the Maori King was at an end.
1865 - A new and third Capitol of New Zealand is moved to Wellington City, an agreed upon location out of the former Auckland alliance's sole access.
1867 - War of Satupa'itea & Palaui (Between Samoan Houses). A Samoan Entitlement War for political ranks.
1868 - President of the United States and former Vice President Andrew Johnson is the first President in USA History to be 'impeached' for attempting to undo protective rights fought for by the Northern American Union in the Civil War, and who was found interfering with the reform of the southern states, allowing the southern states to pass new Jim-Crow Laws (Laws that legalized racial inequality hoping to keep core Confederate ideals alive).
1868 - War of the Malietoa (Between Malietoa Laupepe & Malietoa Tonumaipea Talavou) the War included German naval support.
1869 - General Grant (also a dear friend of President Lincoln) from the Civil War is elected President of the United States of America. The new President of the United States was set on resolving internal disputes while also expanding the cause of Freedom and Liberty. Troops were sent back into the southern states to uphold the American Union changes and to police Confederate Loyalists.
1869 - Southern states around the once Capitol of the Confederate Nation form militia groups that began a new era of violence against African Americans (Virginia and Alabama), hoping to terrorize them from their new freedoms. The militia became responsible for the major hate groups within the USA against African Americans.
1870 - Chinese independent settlers are allowed entrance and begin new lives in Western Samoa, working in new trade areas and starting business. Chinese immigrants in most nations form their own Chinese Community living and business centers to guard against aggression (not needed in Polynesia).
1870 - Imperial France under Napoleon III (The Nephew) loses the Great War of Prussia. A United Germany and surrounding alliances defeat the French and on the 19th of September, Prussia invades the Capital City of Paris.
1870 - The third Peoples Republic of France takes office in Government after French Loyalist Party are ruined by their own Imperial Wars with Germany.
1871 - The German Emperor the First is Crowned. Kaiser Wilhelm the First of Prussia becomes the most powerful figure in European Politics. The British Crown presence is pushed back in overseas regions and begins to fade.
1872 - The USA and the Eastern Samoans make further formal Treaty and Agreements under US. Commander Meade and ancient Eastern Samoan Tutuila houses. Agreements with the highest Presidential offices are held, until legislation could be completed through the senate. The President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant helps supervise relations to make good with Eastern Samoan houses. The President also signs agreements with others including Confederations of Native Americans and Native Ireland (A region in dispute with Imperial Britain).
1873 - The President of the United States, President Ulysses S. Grant, who had fought with the Confederate south and the British in the American Civil War, sends his personal Agents to Eastern Samoa. The Navy's US. agent Colonel Albert B. Steinberger who sailed on the famous USS Tuscarora (a ship known to be a thorn in the sides of the British) negotiated a peace settlement to Eastern Samoa and eventually sends weapons as gifts to the Western Samoans, to push out by civil force the British Imperials, payback presumed for supplying arms to the Confederates during the American Civil War.
1874 - Malietoa Laupepe & Tupua Pulepele announced as among the Western Samoan Kingly ranks.
1875 - The Samoans and Germans allied parties are confirmed the biggest exporters in Western Samoa measured by cargo tonnage.
1875 - The Tongan Kingdom makes the English Red Cross their National Flag. The National flag has not yet changed from the 1800s.
1876 - American Navy Colonel Steinberger (US. American Agent for the President) was kidnapped by the British Imperial Navy under orders of British Captain Stevens, who held him hostage for negotiations in Western Samoa.
1876 - The British defeated at Mulinu'u (H.M.S. Barracouta), British Capt. Stevens blamed for kidnapping of USA Navy Colonel. Steinberger. During the exchange for Steinberger, British Blue Jackets were escorted to a Samoan council meeting where an affray began after only a small time spent in conference. The British retreated back to their ship and several lost their lives. A Western Samoan King Malietoa Laupepe high rank was exiled by Samoan council for helping the British, but he was also the reason negotiations resumed at port and why attacks ceased. Hostage situation occurred on the H.M.S. Barracouta until day-break.
1877 - Western Samoa became the main center of German commerce in the Central Pacific. In 1877, Samoans and Allied Germans had acquired 87% of the export trade. Although the British had brought Biblical ideas, the Germans at that time were more interested in exporting exotic goods and had been the more business savvy foreigners. Several influential Samoan and German houses fused both commercially and through marriage.
1878 - The United States reaffirms Treaty agreements with Eastern Samoa through Le Mamea as Consul. The Pago Pago Harbor becomes a base. The Treaty agreements make the news in the USA and President Ulysses S. Grant is congratulated for helping sour relations and thwarting the British out of the Pacific.
1878 - Germany reaffirms their relations with Western Samoa parties and establishes further military links with the people in Saluafata.
1878 - The British are confirmed again with Samoans of Apia Councils, and the groups (both British and Apia Samoans) setup their own municipal offices in an area of Western Samoa claiming an independent region of trade. This claim by allied Samoan-British alliances meant that Apia was a territory of its own and independent from the surrounding Samoan-German influences.
1879 - The German Empire signed to Western Samoa with delegates as witness from Eastern Samoa (American Samoa), reported by New Zealand media, British media, an international Treaty of Friendship. (link to Samoan-German Treaty). Other records are found in NZ Archives. This Treaty guaranteed military support for Samoan-German interests. Many summary on Asia Pacific Polynesian History leave this profound promise and declaration out of study and some translations of the Samoan-German Treaty in the 'english version' are debated.
1887-1888 - Western Samoan King Malieatoa Tupua Tamasese Titimaea forces and Allied German Navy led by the German consul, marched to invade Samoan-British alliance at Apia and proclaim their protectorate allied plans with Imperial Germany.
1887 - The Hawaiian Kingdom who was by 1887, fully allied to the Imperial British, is overthrown by the United States. Hawaiian Royalty was so connected to overseas Imperial Britain that Emma Rooke (Hawaiian-British descent), once Queen of Hawaii, had named their son Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa in 1858. Queen Victoria was also Godmother of the Hawaiian Prince in the 1850s. The Hawaiian flag remains today with a British Union Jack in it's banner.
1888 - The Island nation of Nauru in Polynesia (related to Samoa settlements) allies to Imperial Germany and becomes a mineral supplier. They also announce annexation.
1888 - The Marshall Islands (Asia-Polynesian) allies to Imperial Germany.
1889 - The Treaty of Berlin of 1889 was an agreement made with 4 nations - Samoa, USA, Britain, and Germany, designed to keep order and peace being that all four nations were systematically run completely different. Regardless of different politics, the preservation of People's Rights was to be upheld. This Treaty of Berlin was an attempt to respectfully resolve problems through high council. A position of Council President was created.
1890 - The British Bubonic Plague after spreading through Europe killing an estimated millions of neighboring people, eventually reaches ports in New South Wales Australia brought by shipping rats (dead and alive), being that any human infected wouldn't have lasted the voyage nor would the body be kept. Officials in Australia by The Order of the Bath, made documented proclamation for the public to report dead rats. British ships also spread the disease in Hong Kong ports and even blame the Chinese for it's origins (propaganda spread by both British Academic Institutions and by British media). Every allied port in every nation that the British landed (or where British troops had camp) including Pakistan (Karachi), parts of India, and South Africa, is where the disease spread. Millions of immigrants left Europe to found better lives in the Northern States of America. The British claimed that even though the disease seemed to have spread to each British port and camp, that it only meant coincidence, and that in fact they themselves were caretakers. Political allies of the British were the most heavily infected, estimating 10 million deaths in South Africa, Northern western India-Asia, and Hong Kong regions. This area of History is still fiercely debated.
1898 - His Majesty King Malietoa Laupepa of Western Samoa passes away with old age. King Malietoa Laupepa's long-time rival, deposed King Mataafa, returned from exile in the Marshall Islands aboard a German warship and is elected to the throne by the Samoan high Chiefs and supported by Germans. Samoan-German and German political leaders in Western Samoa, Doctor Raffel, President of the Apia Municipal Council, and Doctor Rose, the German Consul, favor His Majesty Mataafa, while the British support His Majesty King Malietoa Tanu (son of King Malietoa Laupepa) of Western Samoa.
An American Chief of Justice William Chambers is promoted to Supervisory Committee (a position made under the Berlin Convention of 1889) does not vote in favor to the election of King Mataafa however his understanding of Samoan Politics was limited, and his vote was based on a European style Monarch custom where the son prince is automatically given crown and authority.
1899 - His Majesty King Mataafa's political campaigns turn to challenge and his Samoan forces invade Apia British allied region, taking King Malietoa Tanu's core area of support. Apia Harbor becomes claimed by King Mataafa and German supporters win the battle. A provisional Samoan and German Government headed by Doctor Raffel is appointed.
1899 - The USS Philadelphia under Rear-Admiral Kautz arrives in Apia Harbor seeing German vessels and 4 British warships (HMS Tauranga, HMS Falke, HMS Porpoise, HMS Royalist). Rear-Admiral Kautz in support of Justice William Chambers was at first there to observe and report until further orders arriving on March 6th. A meeting was held with head British Commander Leslie C. Stuart and Rear Admiral Kautz to land at the same time for safety.
1899 - A strange and massive storm over takes the area destroying and damaging all foreign warships in the harbor with some speculation that during the masssive storms there were native Samoan attacks, weakening the numbers and vessels sent for incoming battle.
1899 - King Mataafa rallies more support and his forces gain in Apia Harbor, getting ready for a counter invasion force hoping to take back Apia. When the British warships arrive, firing upon the shorelines of Apia begin and an American Consulate is 'accidentally' hit by the British.
The British lead the advance with 62 British Royal Marines and sailors from the HMS Tauranga under the command of Lieutenant Freeman RN and Lieutenant Philip Lonsdale USN. American troops from Rear-Admiral Kautz land with 20 Marines and 36 Navy from the USS Philadelphia and post on coastal roads leading to the Battle front.
British take over a German plantation at Vailele east of Apia intending to disperse a large force of King Mataafa's warriors, however, an estimated 200-800 Samoan forces ambush the British and Americans. Lieutenant Freeman RN is killed almost immediately by snipers hidden in the palm and banana trees. Ensign John Monaghan USN tries to rally the men but the battle was a quick and major loss. The Americans Monaghan and Lieutenant Lonsdale were found after the battle with their heads cut-off. American Rear-Admiral Kautz stayed in the Harbor for sometime, but eventually left Apia to Honolulu Hawaii.
1899 - After the failed attempt to retake Apia from King Mataafa and the Germans, the young King Malietoa Tanu retracts his claim to the region and the administration is placed in the hands of the Consuls. A Joint Tripartite Convention Treaty is to be signed.
1899 - The Tripartite Convention of 1899 takes places and Britain officially signs its retreats and gives up any claims or investments in the region.
1899 - Western Samoa as a whole becomes allied to the German Empire (most powerful Empire in Europe at the time) and the British Imperials are pushed out. The British Empire sign the Tripartite Convention Treaty of 1899 and leave the Western Samoan region, but still keep loyalist political relations in Apia Council of Western Samoa. The USA stays with Eastern Samoa. The Governor for Germans Wilhelm Solf is appointed by both the Samoans and Germans and gains a Samoan title and Pe'a. At the same time, Imperial Spain loses political relations in the Philippines, the Carolines, Palaus, and Marianas, and never fully recovers relations in the Asia Pacific.
1900 - Western Samoa Government sends delegates and cultural liaisons on six different occasions that meet the German Kaiser Emperor through to 1914 and Western Samoa becomes a favored people. In the year 1900, Western Samoa becomes officially a Trust Region and proclaimed ally to The German Empire. The Governor Wilhelm Heinrich Solf for the German public in Western Samoa reads The Kaiser’s Royal proclamation, an alliance that saluted his protection. The German Imperial Flag was then hoisted on consulate grounds at Apia to the strains of Heil Kaiser, Dir and a commemorative salute from the German SMS Cormoran with the American USS Abarenda as witness to the political events.
The British begin to spread propaganda against the Germans, calling them 'Colonizers', there to take over Samoa and make it German Samoa. Hate propaganda was also widely spread against the Chinese by the British, calling them "The Sick men of Asia", "The Yellow Peril", and the "The Yellow Terror" (years 1800 early 1900). The British News propaganda depicted sick and weak Chinese men unable to protect they're families against the superior British bloodline, and an Asian barbarian Chinese man with a knife in his mouth, a gun in his right hand, and a people's torch in his left hand, running over and trampling only a fragile white woman.
1900 - American Commander Benjamin Frank Tilley and Luther Wood Osborn, the American Consul General in Apia, meet with his Majesty Tui Manu'a Elisara of Eastern Samoa and other High Chiefs and Council members on Ta'u. After the evening session of the Fono opens with prayers and Samoan song, His Honorable Majesty Tui Manu'a of Samoa hands Commander Tilley a letter accepting gracefully for himself, the high Chiefs, and the people the sovereignty and protection of the United States of America for Eastern Samoa.
1900 - The British sign a formal Treaty of Friendship with the Tongan Monarch under King Taufa'ahau who was also known as George Tupou the First (Named himself after King George of Britain).
1901 - British Plague and disease reach Northern Aotearoa New Zealand brought from Australia New South Wales killing instantly 3,000 people mostly soldiers posted around shipping-port towns.
1904 - The British Empire signs "The Entente Cordiale", which bound the French Government (who still had Loyalist parties within it's Government) and British Imperials together to regain influence in Europe and to regain their relations overseas. This was an important signing being that the British and French relationship change meant it was only for desperate military purposes. The signing seems to have been an agreement made between the Ultra-Loyalist parties of both nations (Royals and Nobles at the head or within a political system), proposed by British Lord Aberdeen. A former military alliance to keep King Napoleon Bonaparte under control seemed to have been the first foundation of the Treaty.
1907 - Councils convene and assemble a Great Samoan Fono (Grand Meeting) of only Samoan Government to discuss the legal sale and leasing of Western Samoan land, who then pass a resolution in favor of prohibiting future sale or lease of land by Samoans to foreigners. Governor Solf for the Germans addresses the assembly and asks Samoan Government to include his councils but either way must comply with the Great Fono.
1905 - North Eastern Allied Maori to the British make way in New Zealand Parliament and Maori Nobleman Sir Apirana Ngata is appointed. His office helped sort out land claims brought on by the last series of Maori Wars. He was a leader among the other knighted Maori Loyalists and was respected within the Reform Party (NZ Loyalist Party).
1912 - Declared on the 1st of January - The First Peoples Republic of China is founded after the overthrow the Qing Dynasty (Last Royal Dynasty of China in power). The Peoples Republic of China becomes one of the greatest changes in Imperial history being that China had thousands of years of previous Dynasty rule. Many of the Loyalists and even Royal related fled to Taiwan. Chinese Communist education programs were launched to empower a new generation of Chinese and the Loyalists were policed and hunted to an extent.
1912 - Western Samoa (German-Samoa) abolishes the position of recognized High Chief following the death of Alii Sili Mataafa which politically in the west is sometimes a Governor General rank. Political reform to create a true German-Samoan State with both traditional and foreign systems becomes an issue.
1913 - The stance of German Imperialism (conflicting politics), begins to effect relations overseas in Western Samoa and with other allies. Politics within Germany itself became unstable and with it, it's overseas military and representatives changed goals and outlooks upon Non-Germans dramatically.
1914 - The German Crown begins to lose influence within it's own regions. The highest German Admirals and Generals of the military, split into factions, with some of the factions determined to support a new Socialist Republican vision of Germany, and some who wanted an extreme Communist vision of Germany.
1914 - The Weimer Republic begins in Germany, the Crown fades in political influence, and some parties begin to profoundly support a Communist Nazi German future.
1914 - Great Britain uses a proxy force (NZ Expeditionary Force) from allied Colonials of New Zealand to attack an Imperial German Radio Station in Western Samoa. The British break The Tripartite Treaty of 1899, thus begins World War 1 in the Pacific 1914 as according to most historians. The World War for other parts of the world starts in 1917. The British spread propaganda that New Zealand was rescuing the Samoan natives from the evil Germans.
1914 - After the attack on the German Radio Station in Western Samoa, Imperial German battleships the SMS Scharnhorst and SMS Gneisenau under command of Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee, dock into Apia Harbor, hoping to trap the New Zealand Expeditionary Force’s escort squadron. A small schooner is the only ship in the harbor so German Vice-Admiral von Spee sails along the coast to Mulifanua where he converses with a German planter before moving away toward Eastern Polynesia and the Falkland Islands.
1914 - The Imperial German Navy attack the Imperial British Navy at the "Battle of Coronel" in the Pacific Ocean (British caught on the edge of Polynesia between Rapa Nui and Chile) which occurred in 1914 November 1st, soon after Britain had sent the NZ unit to Western Samoa. The German Naval force who attacked the British was led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee and defeated the British West Indies squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock. The Coronel Battle was a complete win for Germany and historically called the first German win in "The Great War", over 1,600 soldiers (919 HMS Good Hope, 735 HMS Monmouth) were lost on the British side while the Germans had only a few wounded.
1915 - Western Samoa houses in Apia are again reconnected to Britain but through a New Zealand proxy. Crown Loyalist parties in northern New Zealand, including Allied Maori, congregate in the NZ Reform Political Party. The year in New Zealand is spent mostly on WW1 efforts, the Reform Party being the majority in Parliament.
1916 - The United States Congress funds the construction of a US. Radio Station at the Eastern Samoa Tutuila Naval Station at Pago Pago Harbor. In 1916, the USA and Eastern Samoan ties were too strong for outside forces to counter with tricks and words.
1917 - Lieutenant Colonel Robert Logan (New Zealand Administrator in Western Samoa) attempts to issue a Legal Proclamation forbidding Chinese laborers from entering Samoan houses and forbidding the Samoans from allowing them to do so. This attempted act becomes the first anti-Chinese policy to keep them seen as a second class citizen, or even a slave class, that can't blend with the rest of the public. Logan also attempts to officialize punishment for violations and moved to set a fine not exceeding ' £5', or by imprisonment with labor not exceeding six weeks. Within the anti-Chinese policy for a crime of socializing with Samoans, another new Prison Labor Policy (Free-Labor within a Prison) is proposed. Lieutenant Colonel Logan also uses the current ongoing World Wars to declare that it be known as a "War Crime", punishable, who so ever joins the Socialist Mau Samoans.
1917 - The United States declares War on Imperial Germany after killing hundreds on Atlantic Ocean Cruising vessels in a display of U-boat Naval dominance. The U.S. Navy seizes the German ships Staatssekretär Solf and Elsass, interned in Eastern Samoa Pago Pago Harbor. The 42 officers and other ranks of the German ships seized in Pago Pago are taken to Hawaii. The German steamer SS Staats-sekretär Solf is recommissioned as the ship USS. Samoa and gifted with an overhaul of new US. Naval weaponry at Eastern Samoa's Pago Pago Naval station.
1917 - A revolution of different political factions begins in Russia with first taking over the Capitol city. Internal Wars within the region begin with different factions of political parties.
1918 - The Bolsheviks execute the Russian Royal family. A Russian Republic take control of the Government. Nicholas II was the last TSAR (King) of Russia. All Loyalist parties to the former Russian TSAR Crown are arrested until trial and sentencing. Russia after the affair becomes known as the most brutal towards Imperialism hunting Loyalists without remorse.
1918 - Disease reaches Australia in 1918-1919 causing an estimated 12,000-15,000 deaths. The pandemic was a major demographic and social tragedy according to Australian sources which was brought first around the eastern coastal areas where Euro settlements had docking ports for allies and in Tasmania. The infestation was debated to be carried by crew or passengers over long voyages, but the rats, both dead and alive rats were known to spread sickness.
1918 - In October on the 12th, British disease enters Auckland New Zealand aboard the British Royal Mail liner RMS Niagara infecting and killing an estimated several thousand in 6 weeks.
1918 - In November New Zealand is blamed for the loss of a ship called "The S.S. Talune", the British calling it "The Spanish Flu". At the time British New Zealand ships could only dock at allied port stations and Apia port was the only place still friendly to a few parties in Western Samoa. The ship carried with it's crew a fatal Influenza epidemic which had spread from Australia New South Wales to northern New Zealand. All of the Samoan allied to the British were infected and died within a few weeks, and NZ Brits were responsible for killing their own Samoan allies at Apia. The core area of support in Western Samoa for Britain never recovered.
Eastern Samoa was not infected having no relations with either Australia, New Zealand, or British, nor was Eastern Polynesia who were allied to the French, and the Mau Samoan Socialist movement too were unaffected in northern and central areas of Western Samoa. The Mau Samoan Socialists then grew in number and used the Influenza incident for campaign purposes.
1918 - Disease cases worsen from the October infestation in New Zealand and one month later "Black November" becomes Northern New Zealand's worst public health crisis, a title named so by New Zealand author Geoffrey W. Rice. An estimated 8-15 thousand people young and old eventually die from the British outbreak, 2500 were estimated to be of Northern Allied regions of Maori. Areas with Europeans, Auckland and Christchurch, were most heavily infected and again British are responsible for killing their own allies.
1918 - Lieutenant Colonel Robert Logan an Administrative Representative from New Zealand in Western Samoa, orders all Radio and wireless communication with American Samoa to be cut off. Lt. Logan is angered by American Samoa's quarantine of all ships.
1918 - The First World War ends, with the German people unsatisfied with the Kaiser's reasons for ending the War with his rival cousin King George of Britain. Other political forces within Germany began to campaign for a new Government, one that would not only claim the land for it's people but one that would finish taking their nations honor in War. The USA who was forced into the War by Germany's unrestricted Naval activity in the Atlantic Ocean, begins to renew some ties.
Plague and disease are responsible for at least 500 million sick taking 1/3rd of the earth's population. By that time the disease had several names - The Bubonic Plague, The Spanish flu, Influenza, The Asiatic Flu, and The Black Death.
1919 - Samoan Socialist Mau leader O.F. Nelson writing in the 'Samoa Times', says that New Zealand accepts a task beyond its capabilities in attempting to create an administration in Western Samoa. He cites the mishandling of the influenza epidemic (Spanish or British flu) and the NZ Proclamation banning the importation of liquor and other trades as evidence of stepping over their political boundaries.
1920 - A League of Nations is formed by the British and the French to gather support for a coming second World War, both nations more or less economically broken. Economic depression spreads in most European nations including the USA.
1920-1921 - The Mau Western Samoa Socialist Party (and Samoan Populists) begin campaigns to move out all foreign Imperialism and extremist groups. Samoan Mau leaders begin campaigns overseas in New Zealand and Saipan connecting to the New Zealand Socialist Labour Party and the Socialists in Australia.
The USA declines joining The League of Nations with Britain and France, and instead signs a stance of neutrality. The US-peace Treaty with Germany is signed by Republican President Harding, leaving European issues to be resolved among themselves. The League of Nations attempts at assigning Mandates to areas, with no way to even defend their own nations. Class C Mandates were issued for Pacific regions with no Naval support available and with no meetings with Pacific leaders. The Class C Mandates like the League of Nations itself, had no unifying power behind it.
1921 - A New Zealand official Colonel Robert Ward Tate in Western Samoa writes a letter to American Samoa's Representatives hoping to gain support, in his letter he uses racial and Colonial language to express his opinion of the Socialist Samoan Mau Movement. The letter is addressed to the American Governor office in Eastern Samoa "This idea of equal rights for White and Browns is responsible for much of the unrest. It is too strong meat for them and their attempts to apply the idea are ludicrous at some times---pitiful at all times. They would like to govern the country themselves, and their only notion is the autocratic rule of chiefs.” Governor Evans in Eastern Samoa (American Samoa) was never pressured by Socialists Mau leaders, only the British. An attempt to create a racial political bridge with an American Samoan official before the Mau came further into power, failed.
1921 - The Chinese Communist Party is founded (CCP) by Chen Duxiu (Che'n Tu-siu) and Li Ta-chao and begin to push out the KMT Party.
1927 - Mau Socialists and a Mau leader Taisi Olaf Nelson founded the Newspaper company that created "The Samoan Guardian" working with Maori Unionists other NZ trade Unions, to spread the Pacific Socialist Campaigns in New Zealand.
1928 - The Mau Samoans who had links to Samoan Government were also "District Entitled", and were able to deputize many of Mau members into the Police forces. The Mau themselves became legally untouchable within some areas.
1928 - New Zealand officials in Western Samoa flee into the bush. Colonel Richardson was called to investigate. The reports were that the Mau Police force were simply too intimidating, but innocent, and the officials thought the community gathering was a lynch posse.
1929 - The English Banking system goes belly-up. Economic depression spreads across the British country and trickles down to their allies.
1929 - A Mau Parade in Western Samoa is interrupted by New Zealand troops. At the current time the Western Samoan Government had different alliances within it's politics, and a New Zealand troop was allowed to protect it's interests. During the Parade made for a group of incoming Lawyers and Mau Representatives, an NZ Unit claimed to have seen a wanted man within the Parade ranks and attempted at arresting him. The first NZ troops were arrested by Mau Police, several struck on the head, then NZ reinforcements arrived. The entire Mau Parade stopped in it's festivities and attacked the NZ Unit, forcing the NZ Unit to flee in retreat into a Samoan Police station. Several New Zealanders were caught by Samoans and killed, many left abandoned while the ones who ordered the interference of the Samoan parade made it to the Samoan Police station. During the retreat into the building the NZ unit fired untargeted shots which were mentioned in the NZ Court hearings.
Witness statement by Corporal Cahill 1929 "While we were being forced down the lane, I saw Constable Abraham behind a post in the lane. I was trying to dodge a stone. As I looked at him I saw him crumple up. His back was towards me but I was under the impression he was firing his revolver. There were a number of Samoans in front of him, they were throwing stones in the lane. I stopped when Constable Abraham fell. I could not go back because the Samoans were too strong. I retreated with the others. I did not see Constable Abraham again"
1931 - A New Zealand Judge John Luxford finds Mau leader O.F. Nelson & Co., Ltd. guilty of 28 charges of "Aiding and Abetting" the Mau. He fines Olaf Frederick Nelson (Samoan and Swedish parentage) £200 for each charge, totaling £5,600.00 a sum during New Zealand's Economic depression almost impossible. The British New Zealand Judge then adds a racial statement "I know of nothing more deserving of censure and condemnation than actions of a European or European corporation deliberately encouraging members of a somewhat unsophisticated native race to break the law".
1930 - Australia becomes an area of great economic depression and it's citizens begin to form stronger work Unions and stronger political parties for Australian Socialist causes. An Australian Socialist Party rises to reform the Government and quickly looks for regional and international allies.
1930-1932 - The New Zealand Great Depression caused by the World War and Reform Party (Loyalists to the British Crown and Maori Alliance) supporters causes large Unionist, Socialist, Anti-War, and Democratic Socialist protests.
1932 - A New Zealand officials within Western Samoa, Brigadier General Herbert Ernest Hart attempts to make Loyalist links with 'Anglo-white' American officials and hosts a dance in honor of the Governor of American Samoa. No Samoans were invited nor were officials or military married to Samoans. Support was not given by American Samoa.
1932 - Civilian Protests turn Riot in Northern New Zealand after police began arresting several leaders. The riot turns Mob and invades Auckland Queen Street, smashing businesses and looting. New Zealand is ruined without money, schooling, and even homes. Poverty rates sky rocket while numbers for causes for political reform were on the rise.
1933 - Hitler and the German Nationalist Party make a Proclamation to the German People and begin to police Jews and all Non-German European foreigners given legal permission by the Reichstag to expand.
1934 - A German National Socialist leader in Western Samoa, Alfred Matthes is authorized to establish a branch of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (German Nazi Party) by NSDAP District Leader E.W. Bohle. The German cruiser Karlsruhe arrives in Apia Western Samoa to begin a 5 day goodwill and relations visit. The Samoan Nationalist Nazi Party never gained the rooting envisioned by Germans because of the diferences in traditional Samoan culture and politcal proceeding but membership cards were officialized to some ranks.
1935 - The Socialist NZ Labour Party (Maori Unionists, Australian Socialists, NZ Colonial Trade Unions, and Samoan Mau Socialist supported) take over New Zealand Government in 1935 to fix the NZ economic depression caused by the overseas WWs started by the Imperial British and the Imperial French. Michael Joseph Savage becomes Prime Minister over the Pro-Imperial British and their Reform Party supporters. The new Socialist NZ Government quickly set about implementing a number of significant reforms, including a reorganization of the social welfare system and the creation of state housing. Landlords were forbidden to kick-out tenants for depression debt caused by the Reform Party. Labour Government immediately began negotiations with the Trade Unions.
1935-1936 - All Socialists arrested by a corrupt NZ Reform Party targeting sting were released, all would be charges dropped, including Samoan Mau Socialist supporter (Taisi Olaf Nelson) who had helped the New Zealand Labour Party take office. New Zealand's newly elected Socialist Labour Party Prime Minister, Michael Joseph Savage terminates Mau leader Olaf Nelson's exile, saying that "We believe that the return of Mr. Nelson will be taken as evidence of our intention to secure the cooperation of all sections of the Samoan people”
Mau leader Olaf Frederick Nelson returned to Western Samoa aboard the SS Maui Pomare (NZ Maori Vessel) with a welcoming party of 15,000 people to commemorate his political victory in New Zealand. Honorable Olaf Nelson's return to Western Samoa was then protested by a British NZ official Alfred Clark Turnbull yet to be replaced with the new New Zealand Government, saying the Mau are only a seditious organization. Turnbull's office was powerless after the Socialist reforms in NZ Government and Turnbull became an immigrant moving during the depression to Connecticut USA.
1938 - British Imperials give a plea, to make a deal, to join forces in friendship with Nazi Germany - a meeting is held with Hitler and Neville Chamberlain on September 23rd 1938. The meeting is supported by King George of Britain who wanted to gain advantage in European politics. A King's Speech is announced "After the magnificent efforts of the Prime Minister in the cause of peace it is my fervent hope that a new era of friendship and prosperity may be dawning among the peoples of the world".
The Axis Alliance however denied Britain it's plea bargain and the Nazi forces continue westward. The new -Era of friendship- between Nazi Germany and Britain which King George had hoped for, failed. Instead, a new Era of western European invasion began from Nazi Germany.
1939 - On 15 March 1939, Germany invaded the Czech provinces of Bohemia and Moravia, including Prague, a path toward Western Europe and Britain.
1939 - Nazi Germany invades Poland and the AXIS alliance aims their sights westward.
1940 - The Allied Northern Maori to the British send the 28th Maori Battalion to fight in WW2. The Maori Battalion becomes the most decorated group of soldiers from New Zealand helping to defend an already defeated Great Britain.
1940 - Black Battle of Great Britain - Germany invades the Great British Isles and bombs their Capitol city of London for over 2 months. Days and nights of consecutive attacks through air raids, drops on every part of the Capitol city and the people dig holes for cover, many taking to bunkers under the city, one of the longest invasion bombings in World History. Britain is defeated at home but the USA is still neutral with Germany and does not help Britain. However, the USA by then was an international arms dealer and used it's political stances to deal out favors. Imperialism in Britain was well weakened and almost abandoned. Democratic reforms were pushed forward into British Parliament.
1940 - Admiral Stark U.S. Chief of Naval Operations directs the American Governor in Eastern Samoa (American Samoa) to form a “Samoan Native Insular Force” to trade US. armed training and traditional Samoan training with the USA Marine Corps.
1941 - A U.S. Navy board chaired by Lieutenant Commander N.W. Sears prepares a joint plan with Eastern Samoan Officials for the defense of island nation. The defense weapons given to Eastern Samoa included four 6-inch Naval guns (53-Caliber weighing 10 tons each), six 3-inch guns (M5 anti-tank guns 2 tons each) and fourteen 50-caliber antiaircraft guns (2 tons each). Provisions are also made for Samoan Police patrol vessels, National Coastguard watchers, and Naval Mine warfare. The U.S. Marine Corps' 7th Defense Battalion arrives in Pago Pago. Anti-submarine nets are hung across the entrance to Pago Pago Harbor. The First Samoan Battalion of the U.S. Marine Corps Reserves is organized and funded by the USA.
1941 - Pearl Harbor a base in Hawaii is attacked by the Japanese Empire. The USA joins the Second World War on March 11, 1941 after the Japanese invade the USA regions. Until that time in 1941, the US-German Peace Treaty signed in 1921 had kept the USA from joining the second World War.
1942 - The Japanese Empire invades Australia and commences The Darwin Bombings which destroyed British Australian Royal Navy and its small Royal Airforce. The Japanese Australian Invasion was a Blitz into the region and Australia was quickly out of the second World War.
1942 - February 19, 1942 - Executive order 9066 is signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, creating a special area for 110,000 Japanese Americans, including 75,000 citizens, on the West Coast during World War II.
1942 - The Japanese Empire invades the Dutch-British East Indies Operations in Malayunesia (Indonesia) and takes over all posts forcing the British and Dutch to surrender.
1942 - June 4th-7th Japan invades the Alaskan USA. Aleutian Islands. The Japanese Empire acquired Australia, Indonesia regions, and Alaska under it's reach within the same year.
1944 - General George Patterson of the USA leads the Liberation of Paris against Nazi Germany and succeeds in taking the Capitol City back for the France people.
1945 - August 6th 1945, The USA launches a new weapon developed by German Scientists who had fled Nazi Germany to the USA. The weapon was launched on Imperial Japan, detonating two nuclear fission weapons on both Nagasaki and Hiroshima.
1945 - World War 2 ends roughly in September 1945 after an unyielding Russian Nation stops Nazi Germany from a major invasion campaign and the USA counters on other European fronts.
1945 - Eastern Nazi Communist Germany surrenders. Western Germany who had helped end the WW's, immediately begins plans to reform their markets and stabilize War torn regions.
1945 - Imperial Japan stop it's War August 15th, 1945 before more innocent life was lost, even though Japan had developed Biochemical Warfare. The Japanese Emperor does a radio broadcast for the first time in Japanese History called "The Jewel Voice Broadcast" in which his majesty says he declared War to protect East Asia. A Constitution is later signed for the Japanese people and shared powers for the people became mandatory.
1945 - The Labour Party of Britain takes over Parliament and Winston Churchill is defeated. Although many say Winston Churchill was pro-Democracy (with ideas of American equality), his father Lord Randolph Churchill preached and taught of a "Tory Democracy", where commoners are aloud to create owned business, limited policy, and have popular idea, but who remain administered by both British Royal and Noble. A great many reforms were made within Britain to prevent another War like the World Wars. Shared political powers with the British public who must have Government representation became mandatory.
1945 - The "Iron Curtain" Falls on Europe, splitting Europe back into Western and Eastern zones. Even though Eurasian Powers (Russia) were leaders in the Allied forces, they did not wish foreign powers to run amuck through to their homelands, and so The Cold War (a political stand-off) began.
1947 - The Western German Ludwig Erhard politician rises to power and creates "The Great Socialist German Economic Miracle" a Socialist Western Germany rises, first implementing deregulation, taking down all former Nazi Communist regulations from Eastern Germany and any imposed foreign allied regulations on trade.
1948 - The Deutsche Mark currency of West Germany moves into circulation, and The West German Socialist free-market economy sky-rockets passed British and French neighbors, who were still dealing with Depression states under old government trade policies. The French Republic Minister of French-German descent, Robert Shuman, began trade relations with West Germany that eventually led to the creation of the European Union. Britain was not asked to join and was required to apply to the European Union.
1949 - People's Republic of China rises to power after the fall of the KMT party who moved to China Taiwan. Leader Mao Zedong, October 1st 1949 stabilizes China and begins to develop a new nation run by it's people.
About the Samoan Timeline
We at T.M.BW. do not support a political agenda, however we at TMBW are Polynesian-American and liberty and equality are apart of our upbringing. This Timeline and other History posts are being worked on for a better understanding of Samoan and Polynesian History.
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Posted in: A.P.I. A. Studies
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