American Samoa and United Nations 2005 - The repeated message that American Samoa is NOT a Colony of the United States: Samoan-US. Relations review

American Samoa asks again to be removed from U.N. Colonies list

The United Nations and Decolonization

Non-Self-Governing Territories Listed by the General Assembly in 2002

Special Committee Working Paper on American Samoa

Sunday, May 29, 2005

American Samoa's Government delivered another message to United Nations Representatives in 2005 demanding to be removed from the U.N.'s list of World colonies. Commerce Department Deputy Director Lelei Peau was participating in a Regional seminar held from May 17-19 in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines by the U.N. Decolonization Committee.

The U.N. has promoted Decolonization since its founding particularly since its Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples was adopted in 1960. In 1945, about one-third of the World's population lived in dependent, non-self governing Territories. Today the U.N. lists 16 remaining colonies with fewer than 2 million total people.

American Samoa is asking to be removed from that list again and again on the grounds that it wishes to remain a freely associated Trust region or in some political terms 'territory' of the United States. Its position has remained unchanged since the American Samoan Lieutenant Governor first asked to be removed from the list in 1993.

"The position of the people of American Samoa, and its duly elected legislative representatives and government officials is that the current status of the Territory and the United States government is the desired relationship we wish to have," said Governor Togiola T. A. Tulafono last year. His message was delivered to the U.N. Decolonization Committee in their regional seminar held in the Pacific island country of Papua New Guinea.

"It has been a partnership that has aided both our peoples and the bonds of friendship between us are strong. We ask again that American Samoa be delisted as a 'colony' of the United States," said the Samoan Governor's message.

The United States position expressed to the U.N. General Assembly in 2003, is that its remaining territories are self-governing. These Trust regions (territories) are able to choose whether to be independent states as "equal and sovereign partners" of the United States or can remain integrated within the United States.

Notes: 

This article posted is not the only one of it's kind and there have been other times when the United Nations has been asked, and other pollitical powers told, that Eastern Samoa is it's own and has chosen its path for now, not under force of being a Colony and whether terms like 'Territory' or 'Trust Region' are used, or whatever a website or official website may write, it does not change Samoa's History or it's friendship relationship with the United States at this time. 

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New Zealand's Invasion Force on Samoan-German Radio station 1914: Causes of World War 1

NZ Political cartoon in response to German and French 

political cartoons after being forced out in 1899

After The Tripartite Convention Treaty of 1899 where Britain retreated from Western Samoa and after the loss at The Apia Harbor Battle, there formed increased ill will after several political cartoons were spread in Europe by both French mainstream News and German mainstream News of the English being forced out. 

British NZ Loyalists gave plea to English Lords over officers remaining in the region. For the next 10 years, rumor and propaganda were spread to sour relations between Samoans and Germans. In New Zealand, officials were eventually asked to form a military proxy force to seize a German-Samoan Wireless Radio Station in 1914, crying it to be a ‘great and urgent Imperial service’. The commanding officer was to Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Logan calling it an "Advance Party" and an "Expeditionary Force". The NZ soldiers landed at Apia Harbor on the 29th August 1914, breaking the 1899 Tripartite Convention Treaty. The next day Logan proclaimed a New Zealand-run British military occupation of the German building, an event that led to "The Battle of Cornel 1914".  

After an NZ force took over an unguarded civilian owned German Radio Station in Samoa, New Zealand political cartoons were created (top photo), replying in a sense to 1899 political cartoons in Europe.

"This violation of the Tripartite Convention Treaty of 1899 was not to be forgiven by a growing militant Germany, and Samoa was now the starting place of the first World War in the Pacific. The British had used a New Zealand proxy force sent by The NZ Reform Party (loyalist political party) to attack an unarmed Radio Station, and had undermined Samoan-German relations throughout the decade"

German Navy battleships the SMS Scharnhorst and SMS Gneisenau under command of Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee first docked at Western Samoa's Apia Harbor trying to catch the NZ force who had raided the unguarded Radio Station. Then afterwards left on orders to attack British Warships and found them between Eastern Polynesia and Chile (South America) and there happened the first open-seas bloodbath of the World War in the Asia Pacific-Polynesia. The British lost "The Battle of Coronel 1914" and the Germans killed an estimated 1,600 British soldiers (919 soldiers from the HMS Good Hope, 735 soldiers from the HMS Monmouth). The World War for other parts of the world began in 1917.

Related articles:

- Samoan History and related Political events Timeline 

- British Retreat from Samoa 1899 [French political cartoon] 

- British Retreat from Samoa 1899 [German political cartoon]

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Posted in: A.P.I. A. Studies,Samoa Pacific Islander Studies

NZ influenza in Western Samoa 1918: 3 Historical things people get wrong

The steamship Talune at the Napier 

breakwater in 1908. Photo: Alexander Turnbull Library Reference

1. The Influenza was not aimed at Apia (once a Samoan-British allied area), as it was an indiscriminate epidemic that was wide-spread in the west long before it reached Western Samoa. And it was certainly New Zealand administration incompetence who were at fault, and who were in-danger themselves without knowing it. The Apia area had been very connected to the English LMS church and signed a Treaty-pact agreement with Britain in 1838 on the HMS Conway with representative Captain Bethune. The respected G. Pritchard became Matai' ranked in Western Samoa then stood as British Consul. A small Samoan-British trade-port was established in Apia in 1850 and used mostly by importers, resuppliers, and whalers. The Germans arrived in 1855 (JC Godeffroy & Sohn) and began trade with other Western Samoan districts not allied to the US.Unionists or the British Imperials. 

As time passed, Western Samoa entitlement called for War competing for the Papa' combined King titles for the rank of "Tafa ifa", a title of High-King rank. In 1887, King Malieatoa Tupua Tamasese Titimaea with German military assistance attacked Samoans allied to Britain who also claimed the Kingly rank of Malietoa. The German representative Weber sent delegate Eugen Brandeis to act as Premier (Prime Minister) under King Tupua Tamasese. 

The only Samoan entitled candidates with enough rival influence were King Malietoa Laupepe and King Tui Atua Mata 'afa Iosefo. In March 1889, Apia was struck with a massive hurricane that wiped out six European anchored military vessels posturing for territorial claims. A whole fleet was lost with some unsure if Samoan parties had used the storm as cover to wipe out the vessels. 

After the first decade of the 1900s neutral parties of Samoans became involved in a growing "Mau Movement", a Socialist-Populist movement that worked to push out all foreign schemes that had helped in creating civil unrest during the late 1800s. Australia joined in on Democratic-Socialist movements in the 1900s. In 1914, a New Zealand force under British orders attacked German centers in Western Samoa, NZ military docked at port through their Apia allies, and so began the first World War in the Pacific, resulting that year 1914 November 1st in a counter-attack by the German Crown at "The Battle of Coronel" in the Pacific.

In 1918, the SS. Talune ported in Apia and the British-New Zealand ship was responsible for infecting "their own Samoan allies", at the Samoan-British allied Apia docking areas. The 1/5th population that is so often mentioned, that were infected, were 'British allied Samoans'. The history is really one of embarrassment and if researching those times the circumstances worsen by New Zealand administration incompetence being that in November that very same month in 1918, the influenza spread more in Northern New Zealand reaching down to Christ Church. New Zealand was hit 2 times in 2 months by the same Influenza, one spread before SS. Talune had left to Samoa killing a few thousand, then again with over 8000-18,000 reported deaths in the second infection wave known as "Black November". In the Featherston Camp (Wairarapa New Zealand) over 3,220 British NZ Colonial troops were reported infected and deathly ill, with Auckland NZ being the first hit at Narrow Neck Camp.  As New Zealand killed their own areas of support Samoan Mau Socialists spread into Auckland NZ 1920s-1930s as a result of the disaster, beginning campaigns with the NZ Labour Party.

"New Zealand ships mostly only ported at their Allied Samoan regions and did not without permissions port in German, French, or USA allied areas. Eastern Samoa sent medical help being untouched by the famine. The estimate of 1/5th of the population, not the whole of the Samoan population, but 1/5th of that area.. but, it was a hard enough hit to Apia to deplete their British supported efforts. Death tolls were not kept record and a better estimate has been put forth as 1000 infected. NZ Coconet Tv in 2018 has newly pushed the toll to 27% infected and leaving out important facts about the rest of the Influenza history"

2. The sickness was not the "Spanish Flu". The name of the Flu is extremely misleading as to it's origins and investigations are broad and by many, and blame easily shifted, and so a single location pinpointed is avoided, but results allowed an understanding to the causes being that there were long standing unsanitary conditions in western Europe, mainly from Britain. Influenza being only one of many epidemics that reached Australia in the mid to later 1800s. French Allied Eastern Polynesia never reported a major Influenza Pandemic and neither did American Samoa (Eastern Samoa), or Pacific nations allied to Germany. 

Another part of this history that is not mentioned in New Zealand History are the other places that were infected. The Eastern parts of the USA (New York) that were connected to British Immigration and European Trade lay the heaviest numbers lost around that era (25% US. Population according to the National Archives). 

"Yes, the same Influenza which eventually made it to Australian ports from Britain, then to New Zealand, hit the Eastern coast of the USA first and killed at least a few hundred thousand immigrant British in the New York and Maine regions. This history of Western Samoa is linked and if one is going tell that part of history, the whole history should be shared"

Since the 1850s British Immigration spread to southern parts of Easterm Australia (New South Wales and Tasmania) and a wave of Epidemic Smallpox (or chickenpox), Measles epidemic in 1867, The Scarlet Fever epidemic of the 1870s, a second Smallpox Epidemic in 1881 to 1882, epidemic Typhus, cases of sexually transmitted diseases (European Venereal Diseases), and then a sweep of Influenza starting off in the 1890's. In the early 1900s during the World Wars came a number of AIDS cases from Europe to Australia, and then more Influenza. The Influenza epidemic of 1914-1918 in Europe killed an estimated 20 Million people (from Europe, USA, Eastern Australia, and New Zealand). The diseases that made it to New Zealand came through Eastern Australia and were brought in with trade, mail, and military supply shipments from Britain.

3. In todays world 2020s, the internet has linked the USA with many nations, and US. Americans should understand that NZ History and Imperial History or academics in general are not the same everywhere. For example the British do not teach about 'The Revolutionary War in the USA' and many parts of British history are cherry picked topics in the past before the World Wars supporting King and country that leave out much related information. In New Zealand before the 1990s they were teaching that the British won the World Wars, mentioning less of the United States and it's role in helping rescue France and an invaded Britain and who do not teach that Imperialism lost on the world stage but rely on the USA for national defense in the Asia Pacific.

Related articles:

- British Plague 1890s enters through Australia: Shipping rats

- European Immigration and Disease in Asia Pacific

- New Zealand in Samoa: Introduction of Influenza 

- New Zealand Government early 1900s; Polynesian Politics 

- New Zealand Socialist Labour H.E. Holland and Samoa

- Samoan History and Related events Timeline 

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Posted in: A.P.I. A. Studies

British Retreat from Samoa 1899: Tripartite Convention Treaty

 

This French cartoon was published in November 15, 1899. It says in bold letters, "Good-Bye, Samoa !" Far away, there is a man waving in a boat, leaving the island, and the boat has a flag none other than that of England. In 1899, the Tripartite Convention Treaty was signed after Samoan and German forces won The Battle of Apia. 

Related articles:

- Samoan History and related Political events Timeline

- New Zealand Invasion Force on German Radio station in Samoa 

- British Retreat from Western Samoa 1899 [German political cartoon]

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Posted in: A.P.I. A. Studies

The British Retreat in Western Samoa 1899: Tripartite Convention Treaty

 

A German Political cartoon 1899 of Samoa and Germany celebrating the Retreat of Britain in Western Samoa after The Battle of Apia Harbor. The cartoon says "Hurrah! Samoa ist unser!" which translates into "Hurray! Samoa it's Ours!". 

Related articles:
- Samoan History and related Political events Timeline

- New Zealand Invasion force on German Radio station 1914: WW1 

- British Retreat from Western Samoa 1899 [French political cartoon] 

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Posted in: A.P.I. A. Studies

Communist Nazi German Invasion at London England 1940

London Bridge 1940

The British homeland London of England was air invaded by the Axis and Nazi Germany who first stationed at the Channel Islands. At the beginning of the first World War, Britain had ordered attacks on German property in allied states, one included a wireless radio station in Western Samoa, and England was targeted to pay for their many trespassing against the German people and their allies. The British Channel islands gave off a strategic point which let Nazi German Air forces access and control areas of Northern France, and all of England (an aerial skip-away from London). In 1940, the 28th Maori Battalion was also then so famously raised, who had been first assembled roughly in late 1939. The Maori Battalion, working with other Allied forces went on rescue to Britain, supporting more the Scottish lines of defense. 

On March 13th 1940, the 28th Maori Battalion of Allied Maori was declared active, sent to aid Scotland (not England), and who's initial orders were to station in the Middle-east with the 2nd New Zealand Division. Other units were quickly redirected after there was intelligence of an "All-Out Invasion of Britain". In June through July of the same year, the Maori Battalion blended with another mixed brigade, defending the English-Scottish border since the British Expeditionary Force under General Lord Gort had been defeated in France. Nazi Germany was reported to have taken-over France in under 6 weeks in 1940, shocking the governments further westward. The rescue of England was then expected to be an impossible task, and an overwhelming force of German Aerial forces were unable to be countered by the British RAF.

The German Invasion of the English Channel Islands On the 28th of June, on Guernsey, St. Helier Jersey was bombed, taking down a great many of the buildings. This act marked officially the "Invasion of Britain". An incident was reported during German occupation where tomato trucks were supposedly mistaken for ammunition trucks, which were machine-gunned down killing several of the local British drivers. On June 30th the Luftwaffe (Aerial German Forces) arrived in full on the British Channel Islands, along with an aircraft dropping several Nazi officers who met police authorities. The isle of Guernsey in Britain then passed fully into Nazi occupation. The Invasion of England London by Germany 1940 In September on a Sunday, known in New Zealand as Black Sunday of 1940, through May in 1941, just over 6 months, England's Capital City of London was bombed by German Aerial forces, and attacked at least 71 times, called "The Blitz". The speed at which the German forces moved west, and turning their attention directly to England, is why the invasion is often named "The Blitz" for the lightning fast operation attacks. Italy allied to German forces offered it's services to invade Britain, in agreement at the notion of an operation "to down England's motherland", but was given assistance access only in the attacks.

Radio Broadcasts from England in London during German air raids broadcasted from CBA Radio correspondent Edmond R. Murrow reporting from "The Fall of London" to American and Canadian public during the air raids.

"This is London about ten minutes to four in the morning. Tonight's raid which started about eight is still in progress. The number of planes engaged is about the same as usual, perhaps a few more from last night. Barring lucky hits, both damage and casualties should be no greater than on previous nights. The next three hours may bring a change, but so far the raids appear to be routine, with the Germans flying perhaps a little lower than they did last night."

The German occupation of the British isles lasted for a little over five [5] years where the forces spent a great deal of resources to fortify the area, militarily colonizing London's neighboring regions. In May 1945, the Prime Minister of Britain, a Mr. Churchill, broadcasted to the public "Our dear Channel Islands will be Free today". The British never confronted German occupation inside the British Channel during the World Wars. European politics went into another unpredictable age, and eventually the USA joined the WWs and joined in on fighting Extreme Communism. After the Worlds Wars were over, and Eastern Communist Nazi Germany surrendered, Western German Democratic Socialists revived the War-torn regions with economic innovations, creating the "Deutsche Mark coin", and stabilizing the region.

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Lapita People - A Colonization complex of Southeast Asia

Lapita Pottery in Asia Pacific Polynesia

Around 3500 BP (Before Present) the Malayo-Polynesians & Outer Pacific Polynesians began to expand outside the Malay Archipelago of Indonesia (Malayunesia). DNA and Anthropological results show that the Lapita came from the Southeast Asian regions and the Moluccas are at times compared to Lapita heritage sites. All Southeast Asian cultures expanded almost Worldwide 3-6000 years ago to East Asia, Northeast Asia, Central Asia, and into Outer Oceania including Micronesia and Taiwan. The pottery of the Lapita shows an uncanny genius in the people of the Asia Pacific becoming another wondrous area of study, another of the many cultures that create East Asia, Southeast Asia and Asia Pacific's academic allure. The molds and design include stylised faces, motif patterns, and what appears to be scenes of community gatherings "It's like there's an Ancient Greece in Polynesia" says one academic.

Lapita in Polynesia: An Asia Pacific People

Lapita people lived in neatly planned villages on islands taking over the coasts first. House designs ranged from shore land built, hillside homes, to Pole-houses over shallow fishing water. They colonized large island groups and used the smaller ones about 1,000 sq km –  for jumping points or for rewarding fishing grounds. As they traveled the Asia Pacific Polynesia - they imported their native plants for cultivation, including taro, yam, breadfruit, banana and coconut. They also did cargo domesticated pigs, Southeast Asia wolf/dogs (dingo breeds), and chickens.

Anthropological studies shown that a culture (Lapita - not a true name of the culture) of Southeast Asia and were absorbed into the more recent Polynesian expansions about 2000 years ago. However they did not settle the entire Polynesian region, that was the many waves of the Samoans, possibly Tongans, and those islanders are still very much around and still today settling the Polynesian areas of the Asia Pacific.

Academic politics in New Zealand 

New Zealand studies on the Lapita Complex have been known to become outlandish in their theories, crediting the single group of Lapita to founding the entire area of Remote Oceania. New Zealand has also said "The Lapita were the first people to penetrate Remote Oceania. Between 1200 and 1000 BC they spread rapidly from Melanesia to Fiji and West Polynesia, including Tonga and Samoa. Explorers and settlers travelled across an expanse of the western Pacific in only 5–10 generations. The picture we have is of a fairly small population travelling at speed"

In New Zealand there have been several other British pakeha researchers who's work have been found to be racially or politically motivated when involving Polynesian History - one Brit NZer wrote "They spread Malaria (black disease). As a result the population increased providing extra migrants for the voyaging frontier. They established a few permanent villages in each major island group. Some settled, while others journeyed on, but contact continued between communities on different islands. This migration was not driven by overcrowding, as there was land to spare. Rather, it is likely that social factors such as prestige or curiosity were an incentive to find new islands"

A New Zealand researcher a British NZ writer- Mr. Geoff Irwin who was accused of Racism against Polynesians has said "The Southeast Asia rat (Rattus exulans) was either brought or came as a stowaway on the canoes. As bones of domesticated animals have proved hard to find in the Lapita sites of Fiji and West Polynesia, some researchers think that the earliest Lapita people to reach these eastern islands were foragers rather than gardeners and that the food plants arrived later"

The racist British New Zealand researcher Geoff Irwin has openly published his attitudes and outlook on Polynesian colonization and his work has been reviewed to be a smug and jealous portfolio online. He continuously describes the Lapita people as Rat-eaters and garbage diggers, knowing the Lapita Pottery shows superior artistry compared to anything ever found in the British isles. The only ancient creation in Britain is "StoneHenge" a sacrificing altar for blood ritual, and it's only ancient studies include on going inquiry of Homo-erectus Neanderthal.

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New Zealand in Samoa: The Rise of the Mau Movement

Since 1855 when German businss tradesman arrived in Western Samoa the British influence declined rapidly in just 5 years and by only 15 years many Western Samoans were connected somehow in Samoan-German trade. The British who had brought Christian religion and who had missionary still there did not expect Samoan-German trade to progress as fast as it did and were unprepared for the politics that would play out. In the 1870s the landscape in Europe changed greatly with the German-Prussian invasion of Imperial France and British were losing influence in almost all areas once landed. Wars and Revolution in Europe waged for the next 50 years.

In March 1927, the League of Samoa was formed 'Ole Mau a Samoa' with it's slogan Samoa mo Samoa meaning in english, 'Samoans for Samoa' to make sure NZ-British didnt over step their bounds who when first arrived had attacked an Imperial German radio-station. Samoan political campaigns moved quickly since part of the Samoan Government had approved the New Zealand presence having old ties with the British while many did not, and so the Socialist Mau Party were organized to bring back order.

Related articles:

- Samoan History and Related events Timeline

- Why did NZ invade a German Radio station?

- The Samoan Mau Movement 1920s and New Zealand 

Read more »

Posted in: A.P.I. A. Studies

The Great Thor Heyerdahl: The Wrong Way Expedition - Kon Tiki fiction

Voyages attempted after the Kon Tiki Expedition

(¯`·._.·▲·._.·´¯)

Mr. Thor Heyerdahl was born in the very small common town of Larvik Norway, a quiet slow place far in the north, a port town, where some how the most thrilling stories of South American Empires and a warrior Pacific sailing Polynesian people had reached, most likely through the many books and published journals by Explorers of the 1800's. Thor's actual journey into the Ancient South began first when he was sifting through the pages of a personally owned book collection by Bjarne Kroepelien, who also was not an academic, but was an alcohol and wine seller with a Meso-Native American interest. Norway's History being settled by a Viking culture had no ancient stone built wonders that marveled the world like in South America, Egypt, or Asia and Polynesia. And so Thor's fixation on Rapa Nui Polynesia (Statues of the Moa'i) and the Incas can be said to be one of deep envy. While in Europe, Mr. Thor was married and had several children suffering a divorce and he lived through the World Wars dug into his work. There is no record of him becoming active for his own nation of Norway.

"And thus begins his journey, with wild ideas from various published works and stories. A harmless infatuation that would become an obsession with no regard or responsibility to the actual cultures he and his work might bring upon others. It's one thing to write a book and have ideas, giving your perspective on theory, but it's the lengths at which Thor went, knowing it was all lies that made him in the future be seen as a fraud"

In the 194o's, Thor made claims that were so outlandish in theory that it was clear it's purpose was either politically motivated or racially motivated, or both, publicly declaring that a type of White Aryan type of race must have originally built the Step-Pyramid Empires of South America, possibly left it's ruins there after a defeat in War, and that the Incas Natives were merely uncivilized occupants of a White designed ancient city. According again to Mr. Thor the defeated White Gods then left South America and voyaged into the Polynesian region and that Polynesians were an ancient lost Caucasian race. Without being able to decipher or have translated accurately any South American languages he simply wrote his own new version of Ancient Peruvian History, made-up a tale using an unknown God who he called "Con-Tiki Viracocha", and then tried to spin an intricate web-of-lies around his claims. Being scolded at every angle in the academic community and shunned by some Peruvians themselves, the Kon Tiki Expedition into Polynesia was funded either to prove there might have been a percentage of truth, to sell books through a campaign, or to keep from being laughed at as an author.

"It would make more horse sense to start by finding out where Norwegians and Caucasians come from, before trying to claim knowing the origins of another people. This logic though never settled within Thor's character. He most likely never wanted people to wonder the origins of Caucasian people, which is around the Caucasus (Caspian Sea region including Kazakhstan, Russia, Georgia, Iran, Turkey, Armenia) of Eurasia. The Caucasian people are an admixture of light brown, tanned, and fair skinned North Indians (including Muslims) and light brown and fair skinned West and Central Asians, a Northern Indus-Asian while Polynesians are a Southern Indus-Asian (Southeast Indus-Asian and East Asian).

Some Caucasus people have more Indus features with curly brown and dark brown hair, some people have more west and central Asiatic like features with straight hair. The pure-blooded White Race Theory is as fictional as a comic book. Thor was truly an author it seems on a quest, but maybe he was on the wrong quest"

The Caucasus Regions: Migration Flow and Origins

A Web of false Academics and Marketing 

After claiming a first false White Peruvian History that a white Aryan race had built the pyramids and left them to homeless Indians, Thor Heyerdahl began supporting another false History of Navigation which included the regions of Polynesia, attempting to create a link or build up new corroborative research. If Thor could somehow connect a single dot with the Inca and Pacific cultures, disregarding any Linguistic or Archaeological evidence, he thought he might be able sway favor of his critics.

"It is possible that he knew very well what he was doing which was to use the power of aggressive repetition, to repeat his version of history over, and over, and over, until ears and eyes pay attention"

Kon Tiki's list of Modifications

In order to prove that a South American Balsa wood raft could withstand the Pacific waters a "Traditional Balsa Design" would first have to be used, to maintain that Peruvian culture had advanced in seafaring tech all those hundreds of years ago. A seafaring South American design was never found or claimed to be in use that could sail, or even had a sail. It was apparent that Native South American river rafts were not engineered to handle the wind pressure of a sail. Far too frail a vessel to withstand even a launch from the beach shores which is why Thor always launched from a bay area. A Polynesian academic of recent times pointed out that a Hawaiian surfboard from the 1800's is more well designed for the ocean than a traditional Balsa wood raft. Thor Heyerdahl then designed his own vessel, in effect by modifying the design to the degree of which he did, to fit his own theory, he himself was inadvertently the greatest proof that his own works were fanatical writings of racial fiction.

• Frontal Wave-breaking Design: On Thor's sail vessel, the modified design has been fixed with a wave breaker in the front (sharply added support in the front). The job of the breaker is to cut through waves. A traditional Meso-Native American Balsa wood raft does not have this, and is cut with a flat-head or simply left unfixed. Thor Heyerdahl mounted the Kon Tiki with a breaker, changing the design, already proving that a Balsa Raft was not built for the open-seas and was not capable of launching off a beach. 

• Layered foundry: A Meso-Native American traditional Balsa wood raft does not have a layered foundry to keep afloat. It is a single layer of wood between the rower and the water. The Kon Tiki Vessel added several extra layers to keep afloat after other failed attempts.

• Size using whole Tree trunks: It was pointed out quite often that the size of Thor's Kon Tiki vessel was a complete overhaul in design. Nothing, not even the size of the Kon Tiki was matching a Balsa wood raft. To survive at sea, the Kon Tiki used whole tree trucks.

• Modern Ropes: The ropes used to secure the Kon Tiki were modern ropes. Even if modern ropes were allowed, the way they were used in his design, wrapped around a log (which is seen in traditional Balsa wood rafts) became a huge problem during his voyage.

• Sailing Mast materials: In Polynesia, the Tapa cloth (canvas like material - thick paper) has quite a long history, not only used in ceremony dress, but was also the traditional Polynesian material used to produce the Sailing Mast that caught the wind. The very durable Tapa cloth was layered and sewn. The Kon Tiki used fabric from an unknown source. 

Thor Heyerdahl's interpretation of a Balsa River raft with a built in 

wave-breaker at the nose of the vessel. His design was far more 

Polynesian than Native South American.

Community building a typical Native South American Balsa Wood River raft. These River rafts shown here are what a Balsa wood raft would look like without the many modifications Thor made to the design.

Flaws of Construction

During the Kon Tiki voyage, the Expedition crew was in danger for over half the time it set sail. It was found that Balsa wood trunks absorb water. The un-crafted wood in it's natural state becomes spongy. The Thor vessel's lashing itself (modern ropes), loses strength (being soaked in salt water) and while being tugged at by ocean currents. 

False Reports of status to the Mainlands

Radio reports to mainlands were falsified to maintain the image of success. At the expense of the Kon Tiki crew, Thor Heyerdahl kept the voyaging problems secret for some time. There is only speculation how much more he kept from reports so it would all seem legitimate.

A dramatic author's life until the end
The legacy of Mr. Heyerdahl has yet to fade, his work is still used to sell a story to tourists, and continues to make true the saying "There's a sucker born every minute" by P.T. Barnum. All-in-all he was a very active man and lived a grand life of travel, not an angry or bitter person, one that can be respected for his tenacity. He visited quite a few other regions of the world looking for Step-Pyramid Empires, it would seem, trying to find the source of the ancient genius. He wrote 15 books before he passed away in Italy 2002.

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Posted in: A.P.I. A. Studies,Featured Articles,Pacificnews,TMBW Spotlight

British Windsor Royal Family: The German History Erase 1917

Cartoon“A Good Riddance” by Leonard Raven-Hill

 King George V sweeping away any connection with Germany

As a result of the WWs, the historical Germanic links of the Royal British names "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" could no longer be used. An overthrow of King George’s cousin Nicholas in Russia also caused wider concern. King George during the wars officially changed his Family history, relinquishing all titles that shown the Royal British to be under German descent. In order to ensure that the British Royal Family continued to be viewed as a preserved family-blood line, and to renounce all Titles from the German Monarch, it was issued on the 17th of  July 1917, announcing a new British Royal name - The Noble name of Windsor.

Proclamation by King George

"Now, therefore, We, out of Our Royal Will and Authority, do hereby declare and announce that as from the date of this Our Royal Proclamation Our House and Family shall be styled and known as the House and Family of Windsor, and that all the descendants in the male line of Our said Grandmother Queen Victoria who are subjects of these Realms, other than female descendants who may marry or may have married, shall bear the said Name of Windsor: And do hereby declare and announce that We for Ourselves and for and behalf of Our descendants and all other the descendants of Our said Grandmother Queen Victoria who are subjects of these Realms, relinquish and enjoin the discontinuance of the use of the Degrees, Styles, Dignities, Titles and Honours of Dukes and Duchesses of Saxony and Princes and Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and all other German Degrees, Styles, Dignities, Titles, Honours and Appellations to Us or to then heretofore belonging or appertaining"

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Posted in: A.P.I. A. Studies

British and Germany fighting over SAMOA: 1855-1914

 

Between 1855 and 1914, Britain and Germany fought to be the major European presence in Western Samoa. The US. Americans had established strong ties with Eastern Samoa in 1839, furthered in 1872 by The President of The United States. In 1899, Britain was forced to retreat from Western Samoa and sign The Tripartite Convention Treaty 1899 saying that interests, dealing, and claims were forfeit. In 1914 The British used a New Zealand proxy force to attack an unguarded German Radio Station in Samoa, thus breaking 1899 agreements, which in turn started The First World War in the Pacific.

Related articles:

- Samoan History and related Political events Timeline

- New Zealand's Invasian on Samoan-German Radio station 1914

- The World War and the German station in Western Samoa Apia

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Posted in: A.P.I. A. Studies

League of Nations 1920 - Failed & Powerless 5 reasons Why

The USA refusing to join The League of Nations

1. The main reason why the League of Nations was a failure was because of British and French unrelenting self interests by the founding members. The British and the French - League of Nations proposal (some historians calling it a scheme) attempted at "mapping out the world", using the collective influence of a League of Nations to enforce new borderlines and new layouts of territories and recruting others to their banners (attempted to include the United States) under the disguise of fair International Law and Order.

The British in New Zealand & Australia who still supported old outdated forms of Imperialist rule, radicals supporting an absolute monarch style of Government used the Treaty of Versailles 1919 drafted by the League of Nations as legal proof of ownership over some regions in the Asia Pacific.

2. The United States of America refused to join the League of Nations who was offered to be a permanent member. The Versailles Treaties created enemies as it did allies and so the USA refused and was attended by US. Secretary of State Robert Lansing and others. Instead, the U.S. created the U.S. German Peace Treaty, signed in Berlin on August 25, 1921 under USA Republican President Warren G. Harding keeping peaceful relations and leaving Western Europe to fix it's own unresolved problems. The USA in 1919 did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles being rejected by the United States Senate. 

3. The League of Nations was "Toothless" (All bark no bite) and needed funds. In South Africa the British were out-right openly violating their own policies raiding gold supplies in 1895, and later fighting The South African Republic in the Boer War. Military General Jan Smuts who was a supporter of the League of Nations also a vocal supporter of segregation (Black Separation Politics in Africa) led the Union Defense Force in 1912. No African-run nations are noted, but illegal Euro led campaigns in South Africa were known to be supported. Regions in South America with religious ties to Catholicism were beseeched. The poorly handled Chaco War of 1922 to the Nazi annexation of Czechoslovakia added to the League's reputation for being toothless and as hypocrites growing worse even more after the Treaty of Versailles 1919.

4. Southeast Asian Nations & Samoa and other Pacific Island Nations were not part of the League of Nations, almost all with no interest of it's formation and some who had simply dismissed it as being of any importance. Asian nations that did join only did to keep informed on European politics or to use them to strengthen their own agenda. Japan in 1931 had conflicts with China at Manchuria and after a commission led by Lord Lytton of Great Britain who suggested that Manchuria be under the rule of the League, Japan was enraged and abandoned the League of Nations.

5. The Treaty of Versailles 1919 in Article (231) known as the "War Guilt Clause" was never accepted by the German people, assigning all responsibility for the World War, a clause which lay the ground for spoils of War. Article (232) told to disarm and give up all territories and pay reparations for all damages caused, never even an exact amount which left legal room for Germany to pay never-ending expenses. The perceived injustices of the Treaty, particularly the punitive measures imposed, feuled resentment and instability for Europe as a whole and geopolitical tensions intesified. All German allied territories were to be handed over and calling them "Territories" instead of allied "Trust regions" allowed the League to include any friends of the German Crown in the Asia Pacific, this being interpreted as fraud and an attmept to restart the Imperialist Wars all over again. The creation of the League itself was more of a military scheme collecting resources and hoped for Naval dominance (France and England Imperialists to benefit), money and power to help themselves, knowing that World War 2 would definitely come to pass, and it did. In 1940 Germany invaded Paris for the second time in 100 years and invaded Imperial Britain at London for the first time.

Related articles: 

- New Zealand and Western Samoa Class C Mandate 

- Samoan History and Related events Timeline 

Popular questions on The League of Nations

1. The League was created by opportunists who used the end of WW1 Treaties (Treaties that did not favor Germany), to catch up to German expansion. - True

2. The "idea" of a League of Nations or an international organization to sustain peace around the world was created by Britain and France. - False

3. Political minds from many nations and from several generations had suggested that there be a better forum for the International community. The idea of a League of Nations type of organization came from many political spheres and not an idea from a single individual. - True

4. United Nations is the same as The League of Nations with the same goals and policies. - False

5. The League of Nations was originally formed by French and British Loyalists, while The European Union was formed by French and Western German Socialists after the second World War. - TRUE

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The Hawaii Kingdom and USA 1854: Failed Treaty and The British

The Hawaiian Flag still with it's once alliance 

to the Great British Monarch still in it's banner

On March 10th 1851, negotiations were underway with the Northern US. Union for Hawaii to be linked in some way to the states, when King Kamehameha III then died in December of 1854. His heir Kamehameha IV, ended all negotiations with Union Commissioner David L. Gregg and Hawaiian Minister of Foreign Affairs Robert Crichton Wyllie. On January 11th, 1855 Alexander Iolani Liholiho (February 9, 1834 November 30, 1863) took the oath as King Kamehameha IV. His name Iolani Liholiho means "The Royal Bird".

The New Hawaiian King IV - Allied to Britain 

King Kamehameha IV Alexander was born on February 9, 1834 in Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu. His father was High Chief Mataio Kekūanāoʻa, Royal Governor of Oʻahu. His mother was Princess Elizabeth Kīnaʻu the Kuhina Nui. King Kamehameha IV was the grandson of Kamehameha I and was raised by his uncle, King Kamehameha III. A Polynesian woman of high status named Emma, of Hawaiian-British descendant, great grand niece of Hawaiʻi's first King was the new Hawaiian King Kamehameha IV's wife to be. Within a year of being crowned,  Alexander married Emma Rooke and she became the new Queen of Hawaii. After marrying in 1856, the royal couple had their only child in May 1858 and he was named after the British Prince Albert, named Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa.

Historian "According to some resources, the British Queen Victoria of the 1850s was the Godmother of the new Hawaiian Prince, and was at the royal child's Holy Christening in Honolulu." 

The American Civil War Begins: Crown Suppliers

In 1860s the Northern Union went to Civil War with the Southern States, and also went into a Trade War, blocking on a large list of Southern Confederate goods and foreign imports from Imperial Britain and Europe. The Confederate States sent commissions to Britain and France to supply their war efforts. The Hawaiian Crown became immensely wealthy off the Sugar Industry and other goods supplied to the Americas.

TREATY OF RECIPROCITY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE HAWAIIAN KINGDOM 

The United States of Americas and his Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands, equally animated by the desire to strengthen and perpetuate the friendly relations which have heretofore uniformly existed between them, and to consolidate their commercial intercourse, have resolved to enter into a Convention for Commercial Reciprocity. For this purpose, the President of the United States has conferred full powers on Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, and His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands has conferred like powers on Honorable Elisha H. Allen, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Chancellor of the Kingdom, member of the Privy Council of State, His Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipontentiary to the United States of America, and Honorable Henry A. P. Carter, member of the Privy Council of State, His Majesty' s special Commissioner to the United States of America.

The End of absolute Imperialism 1870s

War broke out within Europe, and German expansion began to invade French and British territories. The French Loyalists who had been attempting to reinstate a monarch, collapsed under the Franco-Prussian War (France vs Germany). Republic Governments of the people took root as Imperialism lost their footings.

Reasons for the Hawaiian Monarch Overthrow

Democratic and Socialist Movements began to sweep through Hawaii, Britain, France, Germany, and Eurasia Russia. Imperialistic Governments after the 1870s were on thin political ice and even though the Hawaiian Crown had a substantially different history than that of European Monarchs, the Hawaiian Crown was still very much linked, and met with many Royal families overseas. Most Royal families stepped down into customary positions of Heads of State, some Royal family like in Russia, were met with a much more violent end to their reigns such as the execution of the Royal Russian Romanov Family and their Loyalists.

Queen Liliuokalani

“I Liliuokalani, by the Grace of God and under the Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the Constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for this Kingdom…Now to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps the loss of life, I do, under this protest and impelled by said force, yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it, undo the action of its representative and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional Sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands."

Related articles:

- Samoan History and Related events Timeline

- Deed of Cession of American Samoa and Tui Manua? 

- American Samoa is not a "Colony" of the United States 

- Samoan-US. Treaty favored over Britain: John Kasson  

- Colonel A.B. Steinberger: Agent for the 18th President Grant 

- 18th President General Grant and American Samoa 

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Posted in: A.P.I. A. Studies

German-Samoa a Propaganda term by the Imperial British opposition 1860-1945

War within Europe late mid-1800s-1870s

During the German invasion of Paris in 1871, German expansion in both Europe and overseas in the Asia Pacific was campaigned against by the British Crown. The German Crown claimed the seat and title of "Emperor" on January of 1871 and secured a title that no army under any European King or Queen within Europee could contest. In 1899, the Tripartite Treaty was signed and stated that Britain must stand down from Alliance with the Apia Samoans and that Germany be the only Crown under friendship in Western Samoa.

"We often see summary on the 1899 Treaty saying the Western powers then divided Samoa, misleading the very uneducated readers that White Colonialism targeted the sacred islands of Samoa. The Treaty was about a new European Order that took hold, a German European Order, and Britain had to either comply or be forced into War. It had nothing to do with something as common minded as racism"

Samoan Historian "The term German-Samoa is an insult to educated Samoans, because it also has to do greatly with the League of Nations Treaty of Versailles Article (232) thats states all German territories must become property of the League of Nations after the first World War. naming Western Samoa as a Territory and stripping its status as Trust region is what New Zealand uses as proof of administration, even if they had no influence over the actual Samoan Governemnt and sparked more Socialist movements that then spread into northing New Zealand"

Only media campaigns through News outlets and personal favors from Loyalist Brit-NZers and allied British Polynesians with trade connections, at that point in time, could British oppose Germany in the Pacific. The Samoan King Tui A'ana Tupua Tamasese Titimaea had in the past been targeted by British Media as a "German tool", to seed mistrust within the Samoan-German Alliances. The Samoans allied to Britain at Apia (early campaigns of Socialists who eventually became The Mau Party), and the Samoans allied to the USA all began using or allowing terms like 'German Samoa' in media to trigger-out negative responses.

Related articles:

- Samoan History and Related events Timeline

- Brit-NZ starts World War 1 in the Pacific: Samoa 

- US. Samoa Treaty favored over Imperial Britain 1878

- Colonel A.B. Steinberger and American Samoa 

- British Captain Stevens kidnaps USA agent in Samoa

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The US. American War against Great Britain 1812: Punching King George III

William Charles focuses on the bloody War of 1812 between the British and the young US Americans. England as “John Bull” (King George III) and the United States as “Brother Jonathan” (President James Madison). The blood pouring from the king’s nose represents the loss of the British warship “Boxer” in its naval “boxing match” with the American frigate “The Enterprise” (the ships are depicted in the background to the right). 

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The British Plague 1890s enters through Australia: Shipping Rats

The British settlements in New South Wales Australia and in Sydney in the late 1800s experienced an epidemic of Euro-smallpox (or chickenpox), a Measles Epidemic in 1867, The Scarlet Fever epidemic of the 1870s, a second smallpox epidemic in 1881 to 1882, Epidemic Typhus, cases of sexually transmitted diseases (European Venereal Diseases), and then a sweep of British Influenza starting off in 1890 to 1891 which then eventually spread to New Zealand through Auckland. If the disease wasnt carried by the Imperial British crews themselves it would find another way through by way of the Cargo Rat.

Proclamation by the Order of the Bath

In a signed order by Sir Harry Holdsworth Rawson for New South Wales Australia, all dead rats in numbers were to be reported, and it was written that British commoners who did not help fix the problems created by those in the state, to share liability with the Government, were to be prosecuted and thrown into prisons, the same prisons which were also breeding grounds for more infections. The British Australian state had no solutions to the problems except to burn those dead bodies that were infected, and to keep the live sick people in contained lockedowned areas in hospitals until they died. New South Wales did remain under Penal Colony law conditions until Socialists movements began taking hold during the Great Australian Depression of the 1920s.

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Posted in: A.P.I. A. Studies