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Showing posts with label Samoa Pacific Islander Studies. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Samoa Pacific Islander Studies. Show all posts

Friday, November 16, 2018

New Zealand's Invasion Force on Samoan-German Radio station 1914: Causes of World War 1

NZ Political cartoon in response to German and French 
political cartoons after being forced out in 1899

After The Tripartite Convention Treaty of 1899 where Britain retreated from Western Samoa and after the loss at The Apia Harbor Battle, there formed increased ill will after several political cartoons were spread in Europe by both French mainstream News and German mainstream News of the English being forced out. 

British NZ Loyalists gave plea to English Lords over officers remaining in the region. For the next 10 years, rumor and propaganda were spread to sour relations between Samoans and Germans. In New Zealand, officials were eventually asked to form a military proxy force to seize a German-Samoan Wireless Radio Station in 1914, crying it to be a ‘great and urgent Imperial service’The commanding officer was to Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Logan calling it an "Advance Party" and an "Expeditionary Force". The NZ soldiers landed at Apia Harbor on the 29th August 1914, breaking the 1899 Tripartite Convention Treaty. The next day Logan proclaimed a New Zealand-run British military occupation of the German building, an event that led to "The Battle of Cornel 1914".  

After an NZ force took over an unguarded civilian owned German Radio Station in Samoa, New Zealand political cartoons were created (top photo), replying in a sense to 1899 political cartoons in Europe.

"This violation of the Tripartite Convention Treaty of 1899 was not to be forgiven by a growing militant Germany, and Samoa was now the starting place of the first World War in the Pacific. The British had used a New Zealand proxy force sent by The NZ Reform Party (loyalist political party) to attack an unarmed Radio Station, and had undermined Samoan-German relations throughout the decade"

German Navy battleships the SMS Scharnhorst and SMS Gneisenau under command of Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee first docked at Western Samoa's Apia Harbor trying to catch the NZ force who had raided the unguarded Radio Station. Then afterwards left on orders to attack British Warships and found them between Eastern Polynesia and Chile (South America) and there happened the first open-seas bloodbath of the World War in the Asia Pacific-Polynesia. The British lost "The Battle of Coronel 1914" and the Germans killed an estimated 1,600 British soldiers (919 soldiers from the HMS Good Hope, 735 soldiers from the HMS Monmouth). The World War for other parts of the world began in 1917.

Sunday, September 03, 2017

British Capt. Stevens kidnaps American Colonel Steinberger: Western Samoa

The British H.M.S Barracouta



In Western Samoa after US-Samoan relations were sealed with Eastern Samoa, the US. Colonel Steinberger was illegally arrested by British Captain Stevens in Western Samoa while politically engaged with Samoan Council and leaders. Colonel Steinberger had brought US. weapons as gifts to Western Samoan Government, made by a company in California, and were seized by the Royal British Captain Stevens. Colonel Steinberger who carried with him the authority of both the President of the United States and of Eastern Samoa Counsels, made him not only a high rank in the US. Navy but a powerful political heavy weight among the Western Samoans themselves. Mr. Steinberger was to be the first US. American in Samoan history to serve as a Prime Minister (The Premier) under a Samoan Government. 

The British Captain Stevens interfered with the political process using armed guard, with some reports saying a US. Flag was also tampered with, and then held Steinberger as a political hostage for negotiations.  

The current Samoan Malietoa (a King rank) of Western Samoa, who had helped British Captain Stevens was rank suspended by Samoan Counsels, and exiled by the Taimua and Faipule Western Samoan Government. British Captain Stevens brought Malietoa back and Steinberger, which led to what some have called a massacre of the British H.M.S. Barracouta crew by the Western Samoans. The Barracouta crew did lose men in an affray and were negotiated with during the night and was eventually allowed to leave. 

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Friday, August 18, 2017

Colonel A. B. Steinberger: Agent for President Grant To Eastern Samoa - American Samoa


Colonel AB Steinberger: Agent to the President of the United States
under President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant


In 1878, Samoan High Councilmen at Mulinuu wrote a letter to the United States President Ulysses S. Grant thanking him for his outstanding leadership roles he played in securing relations with Eastern Samoa and supporting peace in the Western Samoan regions. The letter also says that Eastern Samoa is in reform, establishing a more united Government and working with their friend Colonel A.B. Steinberger who works directly for the President of the United States. 

Samoan Historian "The Letter even gives President Grant credit for helping breathe life into Samoa, and thanking him for his wise and loving leadership in the United States." 

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Wednesday, August 16, 2017

C. F. Gordon-Cumming a British Imperialist writer: Western Samoa and the HMS Barracouta


Constance F. Gordon-Cumming

clipping from C.F. authored work on the H.M.S. 
Barracouta in Western Samoa

A massacre of the British H.M.S. Barracouta crew by the Western Samoans was written upon by several British Imperialist writers like C.F. Gordon-Cumming, New Zealand Newspapers (The New Zealand Herald), and overseas in The Edinburgh Review, all supporting the actions of Royal British Captain Stevens. Some authors like C,F. Gordon-Cumming used racial colonial language and 'native primitive' terms to justify that Great Britain was in the right and should always be most important to Samoans. Author Sir William Laird Clowes also wrote on the events but in favor of Britain.

C.F. Gordon-Cumming supported that the American who was to fill the position of Prime Minister (Premier) Mr. Steinberger was rightfully arrested and kidnapped and taken on the Barracouta. Her account of the events, even though she wasnt there personally, also mention less British fallen and more Samoans downed in the affray than what others account and she says Chiefs were being taken hostage when those Chiefs were with King Malietoa (the King that helped the British)

Editor and research at TMBW "It's a little weird because she refers to the Samoan Taimua and Faipule Government who's friendly to the US. in these matters at the time (not on every issue during that time), as these rebels of some sort. She writes - The natives resisted in the above paragraph (top photo). She's referring to the actual Samoan Government, so in her mind the Government is the rebelious force here. It's nothing new really, my experience with British History is that they shift facts and they tend to get very word-playish when describing the actual battle, sometimes the word-play is so bad it's like the writer had a stroke while in the process of writing the book"

Her anti-American works as an author were criticized as an attempt to over reach her standing, never popular published works, but she still continued to travel in the Asia Pacific Islander regions.

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Monday, June 19, 2017

New Zealand Socialist H.E. Holland: Western Samoa and Australia

H.E. Holland - New Zealand Labour Party Leader

In August 1914 H.E. Holland worked with the Maori and Union newspaper "The Maoriland Worker" who was friends with Samoan Socialist Mau Leader Taisi Olaf Nelson. He helped as an Editor and writer, publishing his works and molding the readers into an international Socialist position, taking on the NZ Colonials connected to Imperial Britain along with taking on allied Maori who favored Imperial Brits. 

A year before in 1913 the Imperial allied parties were illegally arresting candidates to offices, and charged with sedition. Some of the political candidates arrested were with the Mau Samoan Socialists who had begun campaigns in Auckland. The arrests triggered a domino effect that led political groups to unify aimed at taking the New Zealand Government into a more civil practice of administration.

In December 1914 Holland and many other campaigners who had incoming overseas reports knew the Imperial was doomed on many political fronts (Russia, Germany, USA, China, Australia politics), and that Labour Party unity could easily stand over-head in New Zealand Capital. The NZ Trade Unions demanded better wages and healthcare with their eventual victories along with their main goal, the end of financial backing on foreign Euro-Imperial War efforts which was draining the economy of it's opportunities for prosperity. The NZ Socialist moto was "New Zealand for New Zealanders". In 1916 the New Zealand Labour Party became a formidable political player and well known in the public eye.

By the end of 1917 the Labour Party was considered a serious threat to the Imperial allied parties in office and H.E. Holland rounded the political bases in the South Pacific, first meeting with other Socialists in Australia and meeting with Mau in Western Samoa.

At Wellington North in February of 1918 the Imperial allied parties were on desperate grounds and openly attacked his person through media, shaming his character, propagating him as an evil Communist, and he was portrayed as the local variation of the "Bolshevik Revolutionary" incarnate (Russian Socialist Revolutionary). Holland even though targeted was still elected to office in 1918 and won his seat in history, a man marked with integrity. His election to office led to the New Zealand Government being taken over by the Socialists in 1935, headed by H.E. Holland's friend Michael Joseph Savage (Irish) who became the new Prime Minister of NZ, born in Australia.

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Tuesday, April 11, 2017

US. Samoa Treaty January 17th 1878 favored over Imperial Britain: John A. Kasson supports forestalling

John A. Kasson


clip describing Samoan-Us. Treaty aggreements giving wide but 'not exclusive powers' in the Samoan harbor in American Samoa and John A. Kasson supporting the forestalling of the Imperial British

In 1878 a Treaty was in talks with Eastern Samoa which favored Eastern Samoan interests and hoped to keep the Imperial British from gaining areas of influence. The move was supported by President Grant's political following including John A. Kasson. The Private pacts between Eastern Samoa had taken hold though, years before the actual Treaty, with President Grant himself supervising it's move.

In 1878 there were some opponents to the cause but their disagreements were purely political banter and Journalistic duty, people either running against Grant's campaign's or ones with the defensive hand who must write in conflicting opinions. The United States media's arguments too made no difference, all arrangements were pre-made beginning in 1870-1872. John A Kasson who was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria-Hungary by President Rutherford B. Hayes, a position he held until 1881, and is still famously quoted "That Ocean does not belong to England". 

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Monday, October 03, 2016

American Samoa Treaties and the 18th President General Grant 1872

The Famous President Ulysses S. Grant (Civil War Hero)



In 1872, agreements were struck with the highest officials in the US. Government, including President of the United States Grant with Eastern Samoa (American Samoa) Tutuila High ranks and Manu'a islands, through military contacts in the Navy and Armed forces. The secret Treaties between both Eastern Samoan houses and the US remained with officials until the legislation could pass through the Senate, an obstacle of red-tape which took until 1878.

As the former General of the Northern forces, now Commander and Chief of the entire United States, Grant's total dislike of the British during the Civil War was known and accepted, and the feeling was mutual in overseas English political circles. Grant had also begun a campaign to gain favor in Ireland politics 1879 (uncertain neighbors of the British).

During the Civil War, Confederate rebels sent repeated delegations to European Imperials who were always interested in expanding their reach. James M. Mason was sent to London as Confederate Minister to Queen Victoria, and John Slidell was sent to Paris as Minister to Napoleon III, both were able to obtain private meetings with high British and French officials. The British answered by never officially giving political recognition for the Confederacy, but by masking their support through commercial trade, buying Confederate goods and selling military supplies to US. American enemies. Britain and the US. Americans were still at odds over the Trent Affair from late 1861.

United States & British Relations 1870s
After the Civil War ended, with the Southern Confederates and British English Imperials losing, the United States claimed that Britain owed compensation for disrupting Northern shipping routes from Hawaii, prolonging the length of the war by selling cheap weapons and ammunition to the Southern Confederates, and violating its own neutrality stance costing American lives. The United States were also at arms with Britain over the Alabama Claims and issues in Canada.

A Joint High Commission made up of American, Canadian, and British who met in Washington, D.C., in 1871 at which time demanded that Britain owed the United States $15.5 million in at least one debt, along with there being many other prospective property claims.

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Sunday, October 13, 2013

The Japanese Empire Bombings of Australia town of Darwin 1942

On 19 February 1942, the port city of Darwin was reported to have been taking in British ships, helping smuggle at least some trade, no doubt asked as a favor by pro-English. The Japanese Empire had recently secured loyalties in Southeast Asia in Timor and Java Indonesia, and Darwin reportedly had 47 Allied naval and merchant ships in the harbor, making it a sugary target for keeping enemy nations in their economic Depression.

Japanese Aircraft carriers sitting in the Indonesian Sea, launched the first wave of bombers to hit Darwin, with the second wave soon after. Although there was word of impeding Japanese attacks, there was little to prepare with as Australia was reliant on either China or the USA allies, and the Americans themselves were already on scheduled patrols, most already shot down in early combat. In the first Japanese bombings, the Australian harbor itself, British and American ships, and local wharves from the town suffered irreparable damage. 

Three Allied Navy ships, five merchant ships, and another ten ships were sunk or inoperable. A raw estimate count of 280 local Darwin town people were killed, mainly helping British service personnel, being of merchant seamen and wharf laborers in the first attack. Darwin town of Australia continued to suffer 63 different Japanese bombing raids until November 1943, almost 21 months on and off attacks, the first and second waves being the biggest hits.

Saturday, October 12, 2013

Brit-New Zealand and Western Samoa: German Radio station start the first World War 1914 in the Pacific

Map of the Western Samoa and Eastern Samoa regions

In August 1914, England begged Brit-New Zealand military commanders to form a private armed force and take over a German-Samoan Radio station and trespass openly on German Imperial property. The radios station was abandoned and areas in the building burned before the Nz-British force could raid it. With that illegal act and of other acts overseas in Europe were major factors in bringing about the first World War. Trespassing in Western Samoa being the start of the Naval World War in the Asia-Pacific Polynesian Ocean. The next month in September 1914 Germany attacked in the Atlantic called "The Action of 22 September 1914", a major first ambush where three British cruisers the HMS Aboukir, HMS Cressy, and the HMS Hogue were sunk by the German U-9 submarine killing an estimated 2,000 English Marines. One month later German U-9 was famous again for sinking the HMS Hawke.

German Navy Master Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee

In November 1914 the Imperial German Navy attacked as soon as German support could reach Western Samoa after the assault on the Samoan-German Radio Station with first docking in Apia Harbor trying to catch the Brit-NZ 'Advance Party' in dock. The German Imperial Navy commander conversed with several in Western Samoa one being a German-Samoan plantation then left in the direction of The Falkland islands. In the Asia-Pacific between Eastern Polynesia's Rapa Nui and Chile there the Germans engaged British at the "Battle of Coronel 1914" and the German Naval force moved quickly led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee who with ease defeated the British West Indies Squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock. An estimated 1,600 British soldiers were lost with only a few Germans injured (919 British from the HMS Good Hope, 735 British from the HMS Monmouth) a costly and most heavy price payed for the arrogant actions of British New Zealanders. By December of 1914 the Germans were swimming underwater in the English Channel paying back the British attacks still on German overseas allies and stalking their ships. The German U-24 submarine sank the HMS Formidable in British waters as a kick-off to 1915 in the first month of January.

In 1915 the following year after the "German Samoan Radio station act" with New Zealand, it was reported that British and many other merchant trade ships were falling like anchors into the sea, hurt by an underwater invasion of the Atlantic by the superior engineering of the German SM U-9 while the British were still atop the water on old sail vessels. Between January and April, even German Cruiser ships too had sunk several British ships including the William P. Frye, a trading vessel transporting grain but with American workers on board. The German government apologized calling the attack an unfortunate mistake. In May 1915, New York newspapers published a warning by the German embassy telling Washington that Americans traveling on board British ships did so "at their own risk". On May 7th 1915 the British ship RMS Lusitania was torpedoed down by German U-20 off the coast of Ireland killing 1,198 civilians including 128 American civilians in an act of revenge to British trespassing.

The German Government said the British owned RMS Lusitania was carrying munitions and smuggling arms. Three months later in August of 1915 Germany pledged to see to the safety of passengers but in November sank an Italian liner killing 272 people, including an estimated 27 British and Americans. During the summer an estimated 30 ships each month for 4 months straight (around 120 ships) both British military and merchant were sunken.

After the last death tolls the President of the United States began to turn against Imeperial Germany. In the year 1917, the German Empire declared a state of unrestricted submarine warfare against all threats, whether English or French and masters of Western Europe, beginning with the policing of the entire Atlantic Ocean and the United States countered in a new state of War. United States History begins World War declarations officially in 1917 under Woodrow Wilson. Information on overseas attacks were at the time unreliable as to who the aggressors were and reasons for retaliation, and most in the USA public at that time wished to stay neutral.

The United States reformed under the Republican Party after the first World War ended in 1918 and in 1921 the US-Senate declined joining the British and French made "League of Nations". The League of Nations failed and were eventually disbanded being a major cause of the next World War. On July 2nd 1921, the new President of the United States Warren G. Harding signed the US-German Peace Treaty and the US. remained under an agreement of US-German neutrality for the next 19 years in US-Republican Party hands. The USA did not officially join World War 2 until the Japanese Empire attacked the USA at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.

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Wednesday, October 09, 2013

Eastern Samoa and US. Navy 1942: Australia and New Zealand dependent on Samoan-US. relations

As World War II progressed and Hawaii had already been attacked at Pearl Harbor in December 1941, and while Imperial Britain was invaded and completely destroyed in 1940-41, the Fiji and Eastern Samoa islands (American Samoa) were an essential military links in communications between the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, all dependent under the protection of Samoan-US. alliances, with Samoan-US. military station able to protect ocean supply routes.

After the Japanese Pearl Harbor attack the US and Samoa redirected efforts into the fortifying of Pago Pago Harbor and the immediate vicinity, particularly building bombproof bunkers for residents and officials. American Samoa was only brazed by enemy fire once on January 11th 1942, when the Samoan-US. Naval Station was shelled by a Japanese submarine. One shell struck the home and store of one of the very few Samoan-Japanese residents of the nation, another hit the Samoan-US. Navy Dispensary. This was the only Japanese Imperial attack on Eastern Samoa (American Samoa), who were targeting lingering British Imperial settlements and military bases.

On January 20th 1942, the Navy Marine Brigade arrived with 5,600 soldiers and officers who formed with an Eastern Samoan Marine Brigade known as "Maligi Samoa", an expeditionary force of 350 Toa-men, and Tutuila island became the largest military training center in the South Pacific after the demise of Hawaii's Pearl Harbor.

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'Black Sunday' - NZ British Homeland invaded by Germany 1940

It became known to New Zealanders as 'Black Sunday', or 'Black Battle of Britain Day', the day that immigrants of New Zealand saw their England-Britain homeland, bombed and air invaded, signifying the demise of British royalist campaigns. Hundreds died in the air raids, estimated in the thousands, with one major incident including 450 people inside a school bunker.

In the beginning of the Blitz in September of 1940, a period of German air raiding and bombing of England London and other cities, building fires blazed on. For a consecutive 57 days, a whole month and a half, London was bombed either during the day or night, then the bombing lasted on and off until May of 1941, a little over 6 months. Residents sought shelter wherever they could find it, fleeing to the underground stations that sheltered as many as 177,000 people.

Ernie Pyle was one of World War Two's most popular correspondents, a formidable witness to the war in The Battle of Britain through the invasion of France. In 1945 he accepted assignment to the Pacific Theater and was killed during the battle for Okinawa.

"It was a night when London was ringed and stabbed with fire. They came just after dark, and somehow you could sense from the quick, bitter firing of the guns that there was to be no monkey business this night. Shortly after the sirens wailed you could hear the Germans grinding overhead. In my room, with its black curtains drawn across the windows, you could feel the shake from the guns. You could hear the boom, crump, crump, crump, of heavy bombs at their work of tearing buildings apart. They were not too far away.

Half an hour after the firing started I gathered a couple of friends and went to a high, darkened balcony that gave us a view of a third of the entire circle of London. As we stepped out onto the balcony a vast inner excitement came over all of us-an excitement that had neither fear nor horror in it, because it was too full of awe. You have all seen big fires, but I doubt if you have ever seen the whole horizon of a city lined with great fires - scores of them, perhaps hundreds.

There was something inspiring just in the awful savagery of it. The closest fires were near enough for us to hear the crackling flames and the yells of firemen. Little fires grew into big ones even as we watched. Big ones died down under the firemen's valor, only to break out again later. About every two minutes a new wave of planes would be over. The motors seemed to grind rather than roar, and to have an angry pulsation, like a bee buzzing in blind fury. Children sit among the rubble of their home September 1940. The guns did not make a constant overwhelming din as in those terrible days of September. They were intermittent - sometimes a few seconds apart, sometimes a minute or more. Their sound was sharp, near by; and soft and muffled, far away. They were everywhere over London.

Into the dark shadowed spaces below us, while we watched, whole batches of incendiary bombs fell. We saw two dozen go off in two seconds. They flashed terrifically, then quickly simmered down to pin points of dazzling white, burning ferociously. These white pin points would go out one by one, as the unseen heroes of the moment smothered them with sand. But also, while we watched, other pin points would burn on, and soon a yellow flame would leap up from the white center. They had done their work - another building was on fire. The greatest of all the fires was directly in front of us. Flames seemed to whip hundreds of feet into the air. Pinkish-white smoke ballooned upward in a great cloud, and out of this cloud there gradually took shape, so faintly at first that we weren't sure we saw correctly the gigantic dome of St. Paul's Cathedral.

St. Paul's was surrounded by fire, but it came through. It stood there in its enormous proportions - growing slowly clearer and clearer, the way objects take shape at dawn. It was like a picture of some miraculous figure that appears before peace-hungry soldiers on a battlefield. The streets below us were semi-illuminated from the glow. Immediately above the fires the sky was red and angry, and overhead, making a ceiling in the vast heavens, there was a cloud of smoke all in pink. Up in that pink shrouding there were tiny, brilliant specks of flashing light-antiaircraft shells bursting. After the flash you could hear the sound. Up there, too, the barrage balloons were standing out as clearly as if it were daytime, but now emerges from the flames during one of the most devastating raids. they were pink instead of silver. And now and then through a hole in that pink shroud there twinkled incongruously a permanent, genuine star - the old - fashioned kind that has always been there.Below us the Thames grew lighter, and all around below were the shadows - the dark shadows of buildings and bridges that formed the base of this dreadful masterpiece."


References:
[-] This eyewitness account appears in: Pyle Ernie, Ernie Pyle in England (1941), Reprinted in Commager, Henry Steele, The Story of the Second World War (1945); Johnson, David, The London Blitz : The City Ablaze, December 29, 1940 (1981).

[-] "The London Blitz, 1940," EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (2001).

Wednesday, October 02, 2013

The Mau Samoan Police force 1928 and liaison Colonel Richardson

Colonel Richardson

In the month of January of 1928, a Samoan Mau Police force formed wearing a unified purple Lava Lava, and white shirt uniform, and became an official Samoan police guard to Mau leaders, including Taisi Olaf Nelson. It was then reported by NZ British that The Mau force were planning to police all European businesses aligned to the Malietoa Tanumafili and Eastern Samoa. The non-Samoan residents (europeans) and Colonel Richardson were unsure of what was actually happening politically, since unentitled foreigners, and even foreign elected representatives had limited access to Samoan Government proceedings, permitted through invitation only. 

The general Samoan public had also an ongoing unofficial "silent ban" on interacting with unknowns, tensions were high with so many groups having different allegiances. It was then reported through NZ military channels that Populist-Socialist movements from the Mau were growing in influence and dividing Samoan Affairs with New Zealand and British. The lack of communication signaled a new barrier had formed, and relations continued to sour. Overseas the pro-British New Zealand newspapers published outlandish reports to their own public that all-of-Samoa had become a land of hostiles, to even the delicate white women, no mention of the Samoan British Allies at APIA, and saying ill-mannered rudeness now be a common occurrence.

Samoan Historian "This is actually a common practice in Samoan culture, when a person or group of people are considered shameful, the general Samoan public will ignore them, exiled socially, treated like a stray Dog. The Samoan silent treatment, which is what the Mau Samoan Socialists began using, encouraged the outlook that all Europeans were of shameful descent, a mistrust of race began and nationalism spread, and it seems some villages and townships began changing their outlook on their once British allies. Which means they won't look at you, they wont talk to you, twitch their noses implying you stink. There might be funny animal barking noises from the youth. Special prices set or simply non-selling of products and services. 

It was non-violent shunning with a growing police enforcement campaign. Since the Mau felt that division had become a problem, and Internal issues were keeping Samoans from progressing, they created a massive police force dedicated to the service of the people, all with protection under the Law, and the Mau policemen could be legally armed with military weaponry if need be. Alienating all foreigners is also why NZ-officials became infuriated. That's when the NZ-news rumors started, to protest and give some sort of support, Samoans in Government with relations to Britain also began to help break-up the Mau parades and meetings so to keep it all from escalating"

With the silence and the exclusion in Samoan Affairs, it was intently feared a conflict would soon take place, and then came an incident report. The Incident report was taken to be an official attack on NZ-officials, and had made it's way to the NZ Government and military. New Zealand cruisers Dunedin and Diomede then set course to Apia under orders of investigation. The NZ marine and military police force gathered ashore, who were met ashore that day by 400 Mau Samoan police, who had also their own reports of the incoming NZ units.  

The NZ Marines waited for orders, since it was found that NZ-officials had "only been scared" into fleeing to the hill-side brush. Historically, the NZ-officials had fled at the site of seeing large Mau organized campaigns, and feared it all to be like the Maori Wars reborn, and who didnt know the Mau had been approved by a few members of the Taimua and Faipule Samoan Government. The entire incident had become escalated over a "little man syndrome of paranoia", and uncomfortable feelings of intimidation, due to the Samoan physical size.

According to N.A. Rowe "This period was further disgraced by sudden inexplicable panics among certain of the white officials, who, led by the Aide-de-Camp, fled suddenly on occasion to the hills at dead of night and took refuge behind barbed-wire at the Wireless Station"

An NZ report claimed The Mau Police were then ordered to stay-off their activities, and remain at station, or leave the city until further orders from Samoan Government, until the situation was discussed fully, and 200 Mau police then moved to the outer edges of the city. Colonel Richardson was then formally reprimanded, and his status as commandant was in plan to be revoked. On March 14th the Prime Minister of New Zealand attempted to explain why the NZ marines were sent, and officially blamed it on a "junior administrative official", that man being Colonel Richardson, however some historical investigations say that blame falls to the Prime Minister, who then used Richardson as a scape-goat. Richardson was officially blamed, accused of an inability to fulfill his duties, and failing effectively to protect NZ-officials, Richardson left in April.

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Saturday, August 17, 2013

The Samoa Defense League in Auckland New Zealand 1929: A Samoan Leader named Taisi Olaf Nelson

Samoan Mau leader Taisi Olaf Nelson

The New Zealand City of Auckland that was once the Maori and British Capital of New Zealand before being invaded in the Maori Wars, became in 1929, a base-post of The Samoan Defense League. An Samoan Socialist organization who reported to various Matai and a Mau Council in Western Samoa. The Samoan Defense League was formed by Taisi Olaf Nelson who was educated in law, who then led with an exclusive well known law partner, establishing outlets for 'The New Zealand Samoan Guradian". The NZ based Media company's goal was to publish the Socialist cause and the Mau Samoan agenda.

The new League formed teams and a political base to become a moving party, working first with reopening Samoan-German trade in New Zealand and challenging NZ Reform Party Deportation Orders. Taisi Olaf Nelson became one of the most famous Samoan-New Zealand political prisoners in the 1930s, arrested for his political stances and associations and over his past travels which included meetings in London and Geneva. The Reform Party being corrupted and with aims to risk the New Zealand's national safety on further World War campaigns, did then take Taisi Olaf Nelson into custody who was considered a threat to their plans. 

In 1935, the Socialist Labour Party of New Zealand took over the NZ Government (Australian Socialists, Maori Unionists, Mau Samoans, and NZ Labour Party members). When the New Zealand Socialist Labour Party administration took office as the new Government, charges were dropped against Mr. Taisi and his release was immediate. Taisi Olaf Nelson is considered a political spit-fire during a drumming War period against NZ Reform Party Imperialism and he later in 1938 returned to Western Samoa taking office in the Legislative Council in helps of more reform. 

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Monday, July 15, 2013

World War and the German station in Western Samoa APIA attack 1914

 Allied NZ British George Spafford Richardson under 
Malietoa Tanumafili II & Mata'afa Faumuina Fiame Mulinu'u the First.

In 1831 the Western Samoan Apia region had already a history of Samoan-British Allied interests, mostly Christian religion and port-trade connected to Apia Samoans and the English. Friendly Samoan-British pacts were made first through The London Missionary Society. The Apia Samoans signed a Treaty with the British on the HMS Conway in 1839 and Imperial Britain became the first European nation to sign such an agreement of friendly relations with the most revered Western Samoan region of Polynesia. 

When Germans arrived in 1855 they allied with Western Samoans in a completely different district, allowed to trade and grow, and other High titles of Western Samoan houses approved profoundly of their new German partners. Business wise, the Germans advanced more quickly than the British and copra-trade was extremely successful. 

Between 1855 and 1898 (40 years), several Wars and conflicts between Samoan districts had included Samoans allied to Germans and Samoans allied to Britain, and the Samoans with the Germans ultimately won more favor in Government. Eastern Samoa during that time were growing closer in a Samoan-United States alliance.

The Franco-Prussian War in 1870 had seen Germans win a dominating fight against Imperial France in Europe, and the British in Europe too had lost influence at home. Under the Tripartite Convention of 1899, and after losing in the Battle for Apia against the Samoan-German Alliance, the British surrendered their claims to trade overseas in Western Samoa. The German Empire in 1871 had become the most powerful nation in Europe after the Franco-Prussian War, and Germany's Wilhem the First was crowned Emperor. The British presence almost completely diminished from Western Samoa except with some political relations they had in Apia and the Taimua Faipule Government. Western Samoa became a protectorate with the Imperial German Crown in the year 1900.

By 1914, the Reform Party (allied NZ British) in New Zealand were being used as a simple proxy to renew the Apia Samoan British connections. Britain's left over relations still in 1914 included high ranking members inside the Western Samoan Government (Samoan King ranks and Malietoa Tanumafili.)

Historian "Instead of allowing business and trade to establish and fall under an agreed upon law, through a type of Free-market system, the British, Germans, and Samoans were supporting trade with Military back-up, instantly small disputes became gun-loaded with everyone trying to keep an advantage"

New Zealand British then sent Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Logan to take down the "German radio station in Western Samoa", who commanded a private NZ Advance Party, and he engaged upon landing at Apia on the 29th of August.  

Lt. Robert Logan moved into the areas taken by the Samoan Germans and seized an unfortified property at Apia, before marching to the mission target of the Radio Station. At the property, German & Samoan officers saw the British Unit tamper with the German flag, dismounting it from the premises, who then claimed the buildings were now British Allied. It was reported quickly that a New Zealand unit was marching inbound, and the German Radio Station was burned by the radio station employees themselves, before the NZ unit could initiate a search. 

Historian "The NZ British attack on the German Radio station in 1914 is still considered the start of the World Wars in the Pacific. In other parts of the world the WWs started in 1917"

That year in 1914, several reports of German battleships had been confirmed, who emerged to repay the New Zealand occupation act of German property in Western Samoa. The German "Battle of Coronel" occurred 1914 November 1st directly after Britain had sent the NZ unit and who stopped in Western Samoa first in hopes of catching the New Zealand force. The German Navy force was led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee and defeated the British West Indies Squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock, killing over 1,600 British in the battle. Even with the defeat on the open Pacific seas the British were again looking to be reconnected to Apia Western Samoans. 

In only 4 years however, New Zealand ruined their relations with Western Samoa in the year 1918 when the S.S. Talune ship docked at Apia and infected almost all of the Samoans allied to Britain. The Influenza Epidemic that the S.S. Talune ship unwittingly carried with it's crew and cargo, was looked upon as a most incompetent mistake. All the Loyalist Samoans to the British Crown were killed by their own NZ allies. Almost a full two decades of campaign efforts by the British to reunite with Apia Western Samoans from 1901-1918 were forgotten, efforts redirected at containment of the disease, and the Influenza disaster fed the political agendas of the new Samoan Mau Socialist movements, NZ Unionist Movements, and Democratic Socialist causes, who all wished to cut-off campaigns that were non-progressive to their own nations.

Historian "The New Zealanders were blamed for being fowl-ups and Auckland still had a reputation of  ~The Hellhole of the Pacific. It wasn't the Imperial British who were responsible for the ship S.S. Talune, it was the New Zealanders, but they were still Brit-NZers and so relations were in the trash. After Apia was infected with the Influenza epidemic there was no one left to support British relations, so the Mau Samoan Socialists took over Western Samoa. The Western Samoan Independence Day was created by the Mau Samoan Socialists to keep a Holiday-barrier, celebrating the rise of Samoa-Mo-Samoa. Eastern Samoa was not infected by the British Influenza and neither were the Samoan regions allied to the Germans or the Mau Party, mostly only the Apia Samoans who had allowed their NZ-British allies to port, which fatally infected them. Northern New Zealand was heavily hit by the Influenza infected by their own British overseas imports coming through New South Wales Australia. Eastern Samoa eventually became so close to the United States that their region formed into a Trust Territory and a second name was adopted of American Samoa"

In the 1920's the Rise of Samoan Mau Socialist-Populists were seen to have a strong and growing political presence, and their parties began campaigns to push-out both the Samoan Germans and Samoan British factions. The Mau Samoan Socialists connected to the New Zealand Labour Party Socialists (Maori Unions, NZ Unions, Australian Socialists), who took over the New Zealand Government in 1935 under Labour Party Socialist leader Prime Minister Joseph Savage.

New Zealand Apology to Western Samoa
In 2002, The Labour Party Prime Minister Helen Clark bowed in apology to the Western Samoan public, although unnecessary and was called a "dance-and-skip", for the international community. The NZ apology was directed toward the Apia Samoans.

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Tuesday, July 09, 2013

Poverty stricken British New Zealand 1920-1930



As Word War 2 started in 1914, after the anti-socialist Reform Party of New Zealand shifted into office, came joblessness and homelessness. Worker Unions formed, rioted, and organized protests against the wages cuts, benefit scams, employment schemes hiring temps, and indentured worker conditions spreading in British NZ owned companies.

Wednesday, January 23, 2013

The Fall of the Reform Party and British Loyalists in New Zealand 1935: The New Zealand Labour Party rise

New Zealand Socialist and Union Worker strikes 1920s-1930s marching 
against the NZ Reform Loyalist Party 

In 1918 an epidemic hit Northern New Zealand in Auckland which was brought from New South Wales Australia on a Royal British postal ship sending correspondence. The infections that spread from Britain to British Colonies in Australia then to New Zealand were well remembered and worsened already poor outlooks upon Loyalist administrations in New Zealand at the time. An estimated 3,000-15,000 had died in northern New Zealande with an unknown amount of allied Maori.  

The World War in the Pacific started when the Brit-New Zealanders broke the 1899 Tripartite Convention Treaty and attacked a German Radio station in Western Samoa in 1914, again the work of a Loyalist political party in New Zealand. 
The 1920s brought about the fall of English Banking who went belly up with their allies going full steam into a Great Depression at the ending of the first World War. A regrouping of resources was attempted at uniting foreign allies in The League of Nations (formed in europe) hoping to secure funds for future Naval dominant force but failed.  

"The English lending Banks went belly-up from War efforts by 1929, and the following year in 1930 is when New Zealand Markets shut-down. All local NZ trade began depending on District or In-state trade and Maori business. Socialist and Democratic Socialist, and Anti-war Campaigns started to oust The NZ Reform Party (collaborated with The NZ Legion). The Labour Party members (New Zealanders and Maori) also had connections with the Australian Socialists and Mau Socialists of Samoa who campaigned Samoa-Mo-Samoa (Samoans for Samoans), and the new Labour Party too wished New Zealand-for-New Zealanders"

It was in 1932 when "The Auckland Queen Street Riots" emerged in force, a public showing that administrative change had come to The Reform Party Administration. The Maori Unionist, Australian Socialists, New Zealand Labour Unions, and Mau Socialist took to politics while New Zealander Kiwis became a force of Protesters. An estimated 20,000 organizers in movements and an unknown amount of followers across the northern parts of the nation were estimated.



Historian "NZ History recalls an organizer named Jim Edwards who spoke to the protesting mob, trying to calm the people, on the verge of being an angry riot. The Auckland police then struck down Mr. Edwards, at which time the protest turned full riot. The rioters then swept through Queen street, smashing all businesses and anything relating to British Imperialism"

The Waikato Territorial troops were then called in with no regard to public where new riots had reorganized on Karangahape Road. During this time of economic chaos, it was the Maori and Pacific Islander cultures that moved without a hitch, still networked in either an Iwi, or a Faa' Samoan community, able to with stand the economic times with easier means.

In 1935, the Labour Party of New Zealand took over New Zealand Government winning the election. The newly elected Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage, (friend to Fraser) of the Labour Party, terminated sedition charges against Mau Samoan leader Taisi Olaf Nelson's, saying that, "We believe that the return of Mr. Taisi Olaf Nelson will be taken as evidence of our intention to secure the cooperation of all sections of the Samoan people” The Labour party immediately worked with the Unions, created State housing, and forbid evictions from tenant debt, then focused on larger public works programs. Since 1935, almost all Pacific Islanders in New Zealand vote Labour.

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Quiz It: What American Samoan diver was born on January 29th, 1960 and is considered The World's Greatest Olympic Diver in World History. The only diver to sweep the boards 8 consecutive years. » Check out TMBW Answers Feed! New!



TMBW Community Report: Electric Cars are here to stay and electricity can be easily home-made and battery stored. It's just a matter of time before the switch, learn how to make electricity with a home turbine.

TMBW On-going works: Mana History & A.P.I.A. Studies is an on-going personal history project, please continue to check back. The Samoan History and Related Events Timeline has been worked on. The Maori Wars History is now almost complete.

TMBW Announcement: We are trying to work out a way to best help Asia Pacific islanders learn all aspects about the vast East Asian, Southeast Asian, and Polynesian Pacific regions.

 
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•Samoan Proverb: " Talanoa atu, ‘ae le talanoa manu.- meaning a careless way will be taken by surprise by the alert. "
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•Best New Quote: "If theres one thing Samoan culture will teach us, it's how to take on life's Mosquitoes".


Cartoon By Ione K. Birdman
◘ Health Interests

#1 tip Trust in Medical help has lowered since year 2000, especially when it comes to Cancer Treatments. Promises unkept for cures and breakthroughs in new research never applied, or with poor results, for over 40 years has raised skepticism. Following the most advanced tech nations instead of relying on easy access convenient hospitalization has been recommended for those looking for better medical help.

#1 tipA Community report says to "Beware of TAP WATER" [Tap Water can be Dangerous]. Outside the island, there are industrialized cities with real toxic issues. On the surface the City may have great rides, food, highways, and parks, but have under it all "toxic or environmental health issues" due to old Landfills and Water Infrastructure being ignored. If an area has a waste smell, the ground nearby could be a covered over Landfill where a town has expanded, buried the old one, and moved to a new location. Buying clean bottled water is an important choice, and will save a person's health.
◘ Community Interests

#1 tipPacific Islander American Community report on "Banking Overdraft Schemes" which resequence transactions on lower income accounts to make the accounts overdraft. In the Banking Scheme, transactions are being posted in an order that benefits the banking fees, and costing the customer possibly hundreds of dollars. The Banking Overdraft Schemes have been reported to still be attempted. Keep your money in a trusted Bank. Do not just sign up to any bank.

#1 tip Check out your local Library for community events. Also a Library can subscribe to Polynesian Newspapers and Magazines so that you and your kids can read them. Organizing a way to have books and media content (movies and news) able for your community to check out is important. Organize your local Library on how to get things started. Classes in public school are also being asked by local community for more Pacific languages and culture to be taught.


















Visual By Ione K. Birdman





Da boys of Samoa & Tonga »
In a suburb with growing business centers and newly built neighborhoods far away in the mainland

Sekilini Leaena favorite school lunch »
Leipua sits in class at school with her favorite lunch waiting for the bell.
Chirp great little Moana Bird »
The little Moana bird woke up with the sun, and there in the morning saw one

Kani & The 2 wheels »
Kani woke up one morning and strolled down to his garage wanting to check

Smart Smart Kavika needs experience »
Eleven and a half year old Kavika had a very small turtle he loved very


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