Southeast Asian and Polynesian Wolf: The Colonizing of regions across the World

The pictures are of the Southeast Asian or Polynesian wolf or wolf-dog

in tropical climate (top photo) and cold or mountain climate (below photo)

The Polynesian Wolf or Southeast Asian Wolf has been the subject of popular scientific study, which shows to follow or travel with Austronesians of Southeast Asia, East Asia, and outer-Oceania Polynesia. According to Researchers "The route of the wolf is the route of the Polynesia Asian, which begins in South Indo-Asia or Southeast Asia, moving East and North into Central Asia, a counter-clockwise route colonizing Eurasia" 

This golden brown wolf or wolf-dog has been found throughout the world so naturally it has sparked an interest by scientific communities. Controversy over origins of Eurasian wolves escalated around the 1970s-1990s being that wolves are found throughout Northern lands and are cultural figures in some Native American clans, areas of Eurasia (Russia), and Mongolian clans. The true homeland of the wolf may always remain in conflict. The Japanese Dog the Shiba-Inu has been found related to southern Asian wolf-dog breeds and in the United States the blood-line was once labeled The Native Indian Dog. Some academics in the west today call the breed The American Dingo. The origins of the American Wolf-Dog (Dingo) point to a South Pacific origin however the time tables as to their arrival and to whom they arrived with are widely debated and academic politics may always be involved with such hot topics.

"Its an amazing thing really to find an animal so similar in appearance, behavior, size, and strength across the entire world. They traveled as pets, guardians, mostly as hunting partners"

In Australia the breed has an english-slang name of Dingo and even after considerable research showing their unique heritage, farmers actively trap and hunt these Wolf-dogs along with a great many other endangered animals. Protesters to the hunting of Dingos say that sheep industry lack environmental responsibility and that administration offices ignore Animal Rights Protection completely. Australian industries have in the past propagated that the breed is dangerous to young community and a menace to progress, when there are newer house-hold dog breeds with much higher aggressive behavioral statistics. 

The wolf-dog has a far different reputation in the United States than from Australia, known as a beloved cattle ranching breed. In the USA, cattle was the main meat-stock and trade for the first pioneering settlers (not sheep) and The American Wolf-Dog (The Native Dog or American Dingo) became a Rancher's guardian and cattle herder.

In Samoa and through out Polynesia the wolf-dogs are still used for wild bore hunting. Samoans call "all wolves" the same as a dog, there is no difference in the traditional definition between dog and wolf. Popular names for wolves in the Pacific include The Golden Wolf, The Dingo, Te Kuri, and Kuli.

Illustration from Australia who refer to the wolf-dogs as

Dingos, showing the shades and different coats of thickness

Coats and shades of the Asia Pacific Wolf-Dog

The Canis lupus (wolf-dog) of the Asia Pacific and Polynesia is Golden brown, Black and brown, White, and White-tan with brown. The Mountainous Wolf in Central Asia, North America, and East Asia displays all three major colors from their Southeast Asian ancestors. Southeast Asian wolves in forested areas obtain a thicker fuller wolf look (photo at the top of the article) with fluffed mane around the neck line. The same lionized wolf appearance happens with northern wolves. Northern wolves display all shades at once, even the Grey wolf has brown layers near the rear and tail showing its older home shade, it's original color from when it was a Southern breed.

Photos of all three shades of the Southeast Asian-Polynesian

wolf-dog in a wildlife program in Australia

Characteristic markers and features of Wolves 

The characteristics of wolves can be distinguishable by appearance, but are not a completely accurate way to identify. The box headed and angled forehead are notable signs, with a formal marker of  "no barking or little barking". Full blooded wolves are known to sound off a howl when excited, a siren call against territorial intruders, and a communication between pack members. Wolf-Dogs may yip occasionally before a longer howl. All wolves also breed under particular circumstances which is why breeding programs have been worked on so to manage better results.

What is the American Dingo: Wolf-Dog

The American Dingo is the ancestor to one of the first American and most famous American Dog breeds - The Carolina Dog - which is the yellow dog breed that premiered in the Walt Disney film 'Old Yeller' released in 1957, recognized by The New York Times as one of the USA's best family pictures and has been praised as The Best boy-and-his-dog film ever made.

A short testimony and history of the The American Dingo 

Carolina Dog and Genetic Origins (The Native Dog).

Credits to: Kiwi Wolf Community and administrators 

Oni Featherman, Ione K. Birdman, Ian David Philips

Research Notes:
[~] The Asia Pacific cultures of some Maori Iwi at one point used the golden hair of domesticated and hunted wolves, to line the heads of a weapon called the Taiaha.

[~] In Samoa and Tonga the wolf types can still be seen roaming around the island, though today there are new dog breeds in the region, some are seen with admixture.

[~] The American Dingos, also called the Indian's Wolf or Indian Dog have been under the scholar's scope many a time on the connections with Southeast Asian wolves and Australian Dingos. Many studies lead to the East Asian expansions from the south of Asia, and other waves of Malayo-Polynesian Polynesian expansions.

References:

[-]A detailed picture of the origin of the Australian dingo, obtained from the study of mitochondrial DNA. Peter Savolainen, Thomas Leitner, Alan N. Wilton, Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith, and Joakim Lundeberg. 

[-]Genetic evidence for an East Asian origin of domestic dogs. Peter Savolainen, Ya-ping Zhang, Jing Luo, Joakim Lundeberg, and Thomas Leitner. Science.

[-] Origin, genetic diversity, and genome structure of the domestic dog. R K Wayne and E A Ostrander. 

[-] Phylogeny and ancient DNA of Sus provides insights into neolithic expansion in Island Southeast Asia and Oceania. Greger Larson, Thomas Cucchi, Masakatsu Fujita, Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith, Judith Robins, Atholl Anderson, Barry Rolett, Matthew Spriggs, Gaynor Dolman, Tae-Hun Kim, Nguyen Thi Dieu Thuy, Ettore Randi, Moira Doherty, Rokus Awe Due, Robert Bollt, Tony Djubiantono, Bion Griffin, Michiko Intoh, Emile Keane, Patrick Kirch, Kuang-Ti Li, Michael Morwood, Lolita M. Pedriña, Philip J. Piper, Ryan J. Rabett, Peter Shooter, Gert Van den Bergh, Eric West, Stephen Wickler, Jing Yuan, Alan Cooper, and Keith Dobney. 

[-] Maternal Footprints of Southeast Asians in North India . Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Toomas Kivisild, Deepa Selvi Rani, Vijay Kumar Singh, Thanseem Ismail, Denise Carvalho-Silva, Mait Metspalu, L.V.K.S. Bhaskar, Alla G. Reddy, Sarat Chandra, Veena Pande, B. Prathap Naidu, Niharika Adarsh, Abhilasha Verma, Inaganti Amara Jyothi, Chandana Basu Mallick, Nidhi Shrivastava, Ragala Devasena, Babita Kumari, Amit Kumar Singh, Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi, Shefali Singh, Geeta Rao, Pranav Gupta, Vartika Sonvane, Kavita Kumari, Afsar Basha, K.R. Bhargavi, Albert Lalremruata, Arvind Kumar Gupta, Gurukamal Kaur, K.K. Reddy, A. Papa Rao, Richard Villems, Chris Tyler-Smith, and Lalji Singh Hum Hered. 

[-] Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans. Mait Metspalu, Toomas Kivisild, Ene Metspalu, Jüri Parik, Georgi Hudjashov, Katrin Kaldma, Piia Serk, Monika Karmin, Doron M Behar, M Thomas P Gilbert, Phillip Endicott, Sarabjit Mastana, Surinder S Papiha, Karl Skorecki, Antonio Torroni, and Richard Villems. 

[-] Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations . Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Tomasz Grzybowski, Galina Denisova, Irina Dambueva, Maria Perkova, Choduraa Dorzhu, Faina Luzina, Hong Kyu Lee, Tomas Vanecek, Richard Villems, and Ilia Zakharov Am J Hum Genet. 

[-] A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe. Siiri Rootsi, Lev A. Zhivotovsky, Marian Baldovic, Manfred Kayser, Ildus A. Kutuev, Rita Khusainova, Marina A. Bermisheva, Marina Gubina, Sardana A. Fedorova, Anne-Mai Ilumäe, Elza K. Khusnutdinova, Mikhail I. Voevoda, Ludmila P. Osipova, Mark Stoneking, Alice A. Lin, Vladimir Ferak, Jüri Parik, Toomas Kivisild, Peter A. Underhill, and Richard Villems. Eur J Hum Genet. 

[-] Klar, A. Kathryn and Jones, L. Terry "Linguistics Evidence for a Pre-historic Polynesia-Southern California Contact" 

[-] Gunnell, J. "The American Dingo The Carolina Dog" Carolina Dogs.com,

[-] "The American Dingo" California Carolina Dogs.com, Retrieved 7 Febuary 2011

[-] Edwards, Jason "Dingo, Canis Dingo" National Geographic

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