British slave trade in the Atlantic
After The Glorious Revolution in England against the Catholics having finally won enterprise freedom with the help of the Dutch, Charles II the new King of England and other noble members under the Crown invested in "The Company of Royal Adventurers", chartered in 1663 to pursue the lucrative African slave-trade. The Anglo-Crown's first major import-export after their Revolution for freedom was ironically "slave trading". That company was succeeded by the Royal Africa Company in 1672. Europe's largest slave markets became based in England's Bristol and Liverpool. The local businessmen of the city of Liverpool and Bristol, cities of commoners, reaped the most benefits from the slave and sugar markets.
The Liverpool-port city soon out grew it's competitors in Bristol and in the English Capital City London shipping negro slaves to the Caribbean islands and parts of the Americas. In the 1700's, the Colonial Sugar Kings (not actual kings but of wealth) in the Caribbean rose to power and influence beginning to hold sway over several trades and had political influence in Caribbean and overseas in Great Britain. The Colonial wealth overseas was feared because the Colonial Sugar Kings and common slave traders campaigned vigoriously in Crown politics, tax was evaded, an escalation of corruption spread, and for a time the new rich bullied the old rich.
The Great British Caribbean sugar trade made new men of enterprise too rich, too fast, off free labor, a financial goal the Crown and their Noble investors had wanted for themselves. The British Crown itself was in conflict with the Spanish Catholics and individual pacts were made during many wars to stay afloat in the conflicts.
Passing acts against sugar traders and slave labor was to help control West Indies (Caribbean is called the West Indies) trade and Imperial forces could then legally confiscate land, property holdings including shipments for Crown law violations, using any military means to propel themselves forward. Since all companies were using at least some type of indentured labor and had at least some sort of link to sugar dealings, all British companies at home and any Colony claimed by the Crown overseas, was under purview.
Historian "This Imperial law tact - to make things illegal so that properties could be confiscated isn't the only time its been used in English History. Finding ways to attack legally was every Euro Crown's responsibility, and so they legally attacked the markets, it brought about small scale resistance as it was intended, but they did not intend the Colonies to become united, organize militia well enough to take on Imperial Army, and eventually create large scale War."
Meanwhile in the Caribbean the Native American blood that had lived on the West Indies islands had mixed with generations of African refugees and neutral Spanish colonials. The Caribbean people were then a new breed, an island breed, with revolutionary motives in the late 1700's and early 1800s, who eventually created their own Law and The British, Spanish, and French Crowns were to lose all trade unless they made new deals with new Atlantic Caribbean island movements and political factions.
The Church of England along with other Christian faiths supported Abolition (freedom for slaves), because it seemed a good cause, even though there were ulterior Crown motives the campaign to end slavery was an opportunity for most men of faith to do God's work. British and American Abolitionist church followers are historically seen as the more noble and good willed parties during those time periods. At times religious politics effected the higher ranks and it has been recorded that on occasion, the most revered to be less on a heavenly path than their councils and the masses.
In the 1800s, slavery was Abolished but prison "Convict-Labor" schemes soon became the new form of slavery. The breaking of any Law, minor offences, resulted in devastating consequences included being shipped overseas to work in Penal plantations. The Australian Penal Colonies by the British using white Irish, Scottish, Welsh (areas of Britain who were soft on Catholicism) indentured prison slave workers, were created for cheap labor schemes controled by the British Court system and did away with unregulated slavery. Between 1791 and 1853 over 30,000 Irish were transported to N.S.W., many for minor offences. One of the last ships to carry Irish slave-convicts direct from Ireland to Australia was the Phoebe Dunbar, sailing from Kingstown (now known as Dun Laoghaire) near Dublin and arrived in Western Australia on August 30, 1853.
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Posted in: World Studies
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